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math.CV

Complex Variables

Holomorphic functions, automorphic group actions and forms, pseudoconvexity, complex geometry, analytic spaces, analytic sheaves

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math.CV 2026-05-18 2 theorems

Reinhardt domains produce uncountable families with fixed Bergman curvature

by Shreedhar Bhat, Soumya Ganguly +2 more

Abundance of Bergman metrics with constant positive holomorphic sectional curvature

For every m and n at least 2 an R-parameter family of mutually inequivalent domains has Bergman metric locally isometric to m times the Fub

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An outstanding open question, which has attracted renewed attention following the pioneering work of Huang--Li--Treuer, is whether, for a given positive integer $m$, there exists a complex manifold whose Bergman metric is locally isometric to $m$ times the Fubini--Study metric. Previously, this question had only been resolved in the case $m=1$. In this paper, we construct, for any pair of positive integers $(m,n)$ with $n \geq 2$, an $\mathbb{R}$-parameter (hence uncountable) family of Reinhardt domains in $\mathbb{C}^n$ whose Bergman metrics are all locally isometric to $m$ times the Fubini--Study metric. Moreover, we show that the domains in this family are mutually Bergman inequivalent. This not only answers the folklore question, but also suggests that a reasonable classification of the geometry of such complex manifolds is infeasible. We also note such examples cannot exist in dimension one. The results complete the remaining open case in the study of complex manifolds whose Bergman space separates points and whose Bergman metric has constant holomorphic sectional curvature. Our approach differs from existing methods in the literature. We reduce the construction to a mapping problem and apply a Brouwer fixed point argument to establish the existence of the desired domains.
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math.FA 2026-05-18 2 theorems

Zero-measure spectra force unitarity under controlled inverse growth

by Thomas Ransford

A proof of Esterle's conjecture on negative powers of Hilbert-space contractions

For any such thin set E there is a sequence u_n so that slow growth of negative powers implies the contraction is unitary.

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We establish the following result, confirming a conjecture of Jean Esterle. For each closed subset $E$ of the unit circle of Lebesgue measure zero, there exists a positive sequence $u_n\to\infty$ with the following property: if $T$ is a contraction on a Hilbert space such that $\sigma(T)\subset E$ and $\|T^{-n}\|=O(u_n)$ as $n\to\infty$, then $T$ is a unitary operator. A key tool used in the proof is a result generalizing the well-known fact that closed subsets $E$ of the real axis of Lebesgue measure zero are removable for bounded holomorphic functions. We show that such sets remain removable even for certain unbounded holomorphic functions of moderate growth near $E$, where the notion of `moderate' depends on $E$.
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math.AG 2026-07-03

Bombieri-Lang conjecture holds for varieties with maps to abelian varieties

by Junyi Xie

Recent progress on the geometric Bombieri--Lang conjecture

Xie-Yuan and Gao turn high-height points into entire curves on complex fibers over function fields.

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We survey recent progress on the geometric Bombieri--Lang conjecture over function fields of characteristic zero. We discuss recent work of Xie--Yuan and Guoquan Gao, which together proves the conjecture for varieties admitting finite morphisms to abelian varieties. The guiding idea, developed in joint work with Xinyi Yuan, is that Vojta's dictionary can be made concrete in this setting: from rational points of large height one constructs entire curves on complex fibers.
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math.AG 2026-07-03

Tangential arcs yield codimension formula for foliated discrepancies

by Maurício Corrêa

Foliated and Mather-Jacobian discrepancies via tangential arcs

The formula equates cylinder codimensions with discrepancies and supplies a criterion for log canonicity on threefolds.

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This article develops a tangential arc-space approach to foliated discrepancies for logarithmic simple co-rank one foliations on threefolds, relative to a fixed invariant normal-crossing separatrix divisor. In the non-resonant logarithmic case, reduced tangential arcs centred on the prescribed tangential locus are shown to be confined to this divisor. The tangential sector is therefore represented, at the reduced arc level, by the normalised separatrix-conductor system. Foliated adjunction transfers the discrepancy calculus to ordinary adjunction pairs on the normalised branches and conductors. Applying the arc-space theorem of Ein-Musta\c{t}\u{a}--Yasuda on these strata, this yields a tangential codimension formula identifying logarithmic codimensions of toroidal tangential divisorial cylinders with the corresponding tangential discrepancies. The resulting theory gives a toroidal tangential inversion of adjunction, a branch--conductor description of the tangential non-lc and non-klt loci, a cylinder criterion for tangential log canonicity, lower semicontinuity of the toroidal tangential minimal log discrepancy, and a relative Mather--Jacobian refinement for the canonical image separatrix system.
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math.CV 2026-07-02

Left-continuity ensures connected hulls in general Loewner chains

by Eveliina Peltola, Anne Schreuder

On the geometry of locally growing Loewner chains

For hull collections with local growth, left limits of the generating function control path-connectedness and prevent pathological boundarie

Figure from the paper full image
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Loewner chains are ubiquitous in the theory of slit mappings, and hence in the study of bounded conformal maps. They have attracted new interest in the past decades through their applications to statistical physics and fractal geometry, particularly in contexts involving randomness. In this article, we delve into topological features of the growing hulls obtained from Loewner chains with a general local growth property, inspired by the classical works of Loewner and Pommerenke. We first revisit Loewner's theorem, associating to each locally growing collection of hulls a real-valued driving function W, possibly discontinuous. We then investigate the points chronologically added to the growing hulls, which may be part of a simply connected swallowed ``bubble'', or a compact connected boundary set. For continuous driving functions, the Loewner chain can often be associated with a continuous curve (dubbed ``generating curve''). Motivated by this, we introduce a more general notion of a ``generating function'' for the Loewner chain, and characterize when there exists such a function {\eta} (which can be continuous, c\`adl\`ag, c\`agl\`ad, or neither). We then investigate the necessity of left and right limits for {\eta} from the point of view of the topology of the growing hulls. We find in particular that left-continuity implies path-connectedness and local connectedness of the hulls, as well as the existence of right limits, whereas failure of left-continuity leads to pathological boundary behavior.
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math.AG 2026-07-02

Two invariants match on every Fano manifold

by Jihao Liu, Sheng Qin

An equivariant fixed-level Demailly identity for Fano manifolds

The fixed-level equivariant Tian's alpha invariant equals the fixed-level equivariant global log canonical threshold in full generality.

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Jin and Rubinstein asked whether the fixed-level equivariant Tian's alpha invariant equals the fixed-level equivariant global log canonical threshold, and proved this equality for toric varieties. In this paper we provide a positive answer to Jin and Rubinstein's question in full generality. The main result of this paper was obtained by Chatgpt 5.5 pro, and the Danus system based on the Rethlas system.
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math.CV 2026-07-01

Laurent coefficients characterize pole cancellation functions

by Muhamed Borogovac

Construction of Pole Cancellation Functions at Ordinary Poles of Operator-Valued Functions

The characterization supplies explicit constructions and formulas for associated root functions of the inverse.

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A pole of order $m \in \mathbb{N}$ at $\beta \in \mathbb{C}$ of a regular operator valued function $Q : \mathcal{D}(Q) \to \mathcal{L}(\mathcal{H})$ is investigated. We provide a characterization of pole cancellation functions $\boldsymbol{\psi}(z)$ of $Q(z)$ of order $k \le m$ at $\beta$ in terms of the coefficients of the Laurent expansion of $Q$. This characterization yields practical and explicit constructions of pole cancellation functions $\boldsymbol{\psi}(z)$. Moreover, it leads to an explicit formula for the associated functions $\boldsymbol{\hat{\varphi}}(z) := Q(z)\boldsymbol{\psi}(z)$, which are root functions of order $k$ at the zero $\beta$ of $Q^{-1}$. The results are illustrated by an example.
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math.DG 2026-07-01

Helix energy density L^p norm scales as rho to minus (2 minus 1/p)

by Yash Tiwari

L^p Asymptotics of the M\"obius Energy Density of Helix Curves

Exact blowup rate derived via contour integration as coil pitch shrinks, recovering log case for p=1

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Motivated by the recent work of Lipton on the M\"obius energy of helix curves, we extend the study to the $L^p$ asymptotics of the meromorphic family \[ M_\rho(t) = \frac{\rho^2+1}{\rho^2 t^2 + 4 \sin^2(t/2)} - \frac{1}{t^2}. \] The helix has infinite M\"obius energy, but the arclength-rescaled energy density is finite. As $\rho \to 0$ the helix coils infinitely tight. Using contour integration and a careful Laurent expansion near the poles, we establish $I_p(\rho) := \left(\int_{-\infty}^\infty M_\rho(t)^p \, dt\right)^{1/p} \sim C_p \, \rho^{-(2-1/p)} $ for integer $p > 1$, extended to real $p > 1$, where $C_p$ is an explicit constant involving $\zeta(2p-1)$. The result gives the precise $L^p$ blowup rate of the M\"obius energy density as the pitch $\rho \to 0$. The borderline case $p=1$ yields a logarithmic correction $I_1(\rho) \sim \log(1/\rho)/\rho$, recovering Lipton's main theorem. We derive a quantitative coiling barrier and establish bilipschitz regularity for non-coiling helices. Numerical verification confirms the scaling exponent to high precision.
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math.CV 2026-07-01

Pluriharmonic functions on polydisc obey explicit product integral bounds

by Suman Das, Antti Rasila +1 more

Isoperimetric-type inequalities for pluriharmonic functions on the polydisc

The inequality uses cosine constants from one-variable Riesz estimates and controls weighted Bergman norms by Hardy norms.

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We prove isoperimetric-type inequalities for pluriharmonic functions in the unit polydisc $\mathbb{U}^n$. Let $h^p(\mathbb{U}^n)$ and $b^p_{\mathbf{q}}(\mathbb{U}^n)$ denote, respectively, the pluriharmonic Hardy space and the pluriharmonic weighted Bergman space in $\mathbb{U}^n$. We prove that if $m\in\mathbb{N}$, $m\geq2$, $1<p_1,\ldots,p_m<\infty$, and $f_j\in h^{p_j}(\mathbb{U}^n)$, then \[ \int_{\mathbb{U}^n}\prod_{j=1}^m |f_j(z)|^{p_j}\,d\mu_{\mathbf{m-2}}(z) \leq \prod_{j=1}^m \left[ \frac{\sqrt2\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2mp_j}\right)} {\sqrt{1-|\cos(\pi/p_j)|}} \right]^{p_j} \prod_{j=1}^m \|f_j\|_{h^{p_j}(\mathbb{U}^n)}^{p_j}. \] In particular, \[ \|f\|_{b^{mp}_{\mathbf{m-2}}(\mathbb{U}^n)} \leq \frac{\sqrt2\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2mp}\right)} {\sqrt{1-|\cos(\pi/p)|}} \|f\|_{h^p(\mathbb{U}^n)}. \] We also prove the following inclusion theorem: If $f\in h^2(\mathbb{U}^n)$, then \[ \|f\|_{h^{2n}(\mathbb{B}_n)} \leq \sqrt2\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{4n}\right) \|f\|_{h^2(\mathbb{U}^n)}, \] where $\mathbb{B}_n$ is the unit ball in $\mathbb{C}^n$. A corresponding ball-volume inequality is obtained as well. The constants are explicit and are obtained from sharp Riesz-type estimates. In the planar case, they coincide with the best available constants in the literature, although sharpness of the resulting pluriharmonic inclusions remains open.
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stat.ML 2026-06-30

Extended counting theory identifies scattering network design factors

by Konstantin Häberle, Helmut Bölcskei

Separation Capacity of Scattering Networks

The number of binary label assignments realizable by a scattering network is controlled by its wavelet, layer, and pooling choices.

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In this paper, we attempt to enhance the theoretical understanding of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as feature extractors in classification tasks by analyzing them through the lens of Cover's function-counting theory. Specifically, our focus lies on the notion of separation capacity, a combinatorial quantity derived from counting the number of realizable dichotomies (i.e., binary label assignments). Our contributions are threefold. First, we extend Cover's framework by establishing a conceptually insightful and practically useful formulation for the separation capacity. Second, leveraging this formulation, we identify the factors governing the separation capacity of feature extractors that employ a specific CNN architecture, so-called scattering networks, in terms of their network building blocks. Third, we provide practical insights for scattering network design.
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math.CV 2026-06-30

Local polynomial convexity suffices for Carleman approximation

by Harshith Alagandala, Sushil Gorai

Carleman Approximation for certain sets with an isolated singularity

Unions of transverse totally real subspaces with an isolated singularity at the origin admit approximation by holomorphic functions under th

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In this paper, we prove that local polynomial convexity at the origin for the union of finitely many transverse totally real subspaces of maximal dimension is sufficient for Carleman approximation. Some new conditions are given for the polynomial convexity of the union of three transverse totally real planes in $\mathbb{C}^2$. We also provide a sufficient condition on the union of two Lipschitz graphs for Carleman approximation. Along the way, we provide sufficient conditions for union of two Lipschitz graphs to be polynomially convex. Finally, we find a family of surfaces in $\mathbb{C}^2$ with a hyperbolic complex point that allows Carleman approximation.
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math.CV 2026-06-30

NIDS derivatives deform the Moisil-Teodorescu operator

by Juan Bory-Reyes, Marco Antonio Pérez-de la Rosa +2 more

A Non-integer Dimensional Space Approach to the Moisil-Teodorescu Operator

The same substitution produces NIDS versions of the Bitsadze and Lamé-Navier operators and links them to a Maxwell system.

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The vector calculus in non-integer dimensional space (NIDS), including the NIDS version of the standard vector differential operators (gradient, divergence, and curl) is well-known. A deformation of the quaternionic Moisil-Teodorescu operator, written in terms of NIDS derivatives is the main purpose of this article. Along similar lines, we consider the NIDS reformulation of the quaternionic Bitsadze operator and the Lam\'e-Navier operator of the three-dimensional elasticity theory. Also, a quaternionic reformulation of a NIDS time-harmonic Maxwell system is introduced, whose solutions are directly related with those of the perturbed NIDS Moisil-Teodorescu operator. Finally, a generalized approach to the study is addressed.
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math.AG 2026-06-30

Conjecture for Calabi-Yau holds if true on hyperkähler factors

by Bastien Philippe (IECL)

A note on the transcendental basepoint-free conjecture for Calabi-Yau manifolds

The result reduces the transcendental basepoint-free question on Calabi-Yau manifolds to their hyperkähler pieces via the Beauville-Bogomolo

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In this note, we prove that the transcendental basepoint-free conjecture for Calabi-Yau manifolds holds if it holds for its hyperk{\"a}hler factors in its Beauville-Bogomolov decomposition. Based on a contraction theorem due to Bakker and Lehn, we show that the conjecture holds for a big and nef class $\alpha$ on a hyperk{\"a}hler manifold under a mild condition on the dimension of the space generated by classes of rational curves on which $\alpha$ vanishes.
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math.CV 2026-06-30

Flow invariant domains are Runge and vector fields linearize globally

by Sanjoy Chatterjee, Sushil Gorai

Flow invariant Runge domains and global linearization of holomorphic vector fields

Distance condition on unstable subspace and integrability yield Runge property plus automorphic conjugacy on C^n.

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In this paper, we study two problems concerning holomorphic flows on $\mathbb C^n$. First, we prove Runge-type results for positive-time flow invariant domains. For a linear flow $e^{tA}$, where $A\in GL(n,\mathbb C)$, let $E^s$, $E^u$, and $E^c$ denote the stable, unstable, and center subspaces of $A$, respectively. We show that if a positive-time flow invariant domain $\Omega\subset\mathbb C^n$ contains the origin and the center subspace, and if $E^u\oplus E^c$ has positive distance from $\partial\Omega$, then $\Omega$ is a Runge domain. We also discuss additional classes and constructions of flow invariant Runge domains arising from holomorphic dynamics. Second, we investigate the global linearization of holomorphic vector fields by automorphisms of \(\mathbb {C}^n\). We prove that a complete holomorphic vector field $V$ on $\mathbb{C}^n$ with a globally attracting fixed point, satisfying certain integrability condition can be globally linearized by an automorphism of $\mathbb{C}^n$. As a corollary we obtain the global linearization of vector fields of the form $V(z)=Az+O(\|z\|^m)$ near $z= 0$, under certain spectral-gap condition. The conjugating automorphism is obtained as the limit of the family $e^{-tA}X_t$, where $X_t$ is the flow of $V$. Some examples are provided for illustration.
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math.CV 2026-06-30

Bohr inequalities generalized for close-to-convex harmonic mappings

by Molla Basir Ahamed, Partha Pratim Roy

The Bohr Phenomenon for Close-to-Convex Harmonic Mappings

Replacing the power basis with continuous functions gives sharp results for two new classes defined by differential inequalities

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The classical Bohr inequality states that if $f(z)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} a_n z^n$ is analytic and $|f(z)|<1$ in the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$, then $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} |a_n| r^n \le 1$ for $|z|=r \le 1/3$, where $1/3$ is sharp. Extending this to harmonic mappings $f=h+\overline{g}$ is central in geometric function theory due to the co-analytic part $g$. This paper establishes sharp Bohr-type inequalities for two classes of sense-preserving close-to-convex harmonic mappings. Let $\mathcal{H}_0$ be the class of harmonic mappings $f=h+\overline{g}$ in $\mathbb{D}$ normalized by $h(0)=g(0)=h'(0)-1=g'(0)=0$. We introduce: \[ \mathcal{P}_{\mathcal{H}_0}(M) := \{ f \in \mathcal{H}_0 : \text{Re}(zh''(z)) > -M + |zg''(z)|, \; z \in \mathbb{D}, \; M > 0 \} \] \[ \mathcal{W}_{\mathcal{H}_0}(\alpha,\beta) := \{ f \in \mathcal{H}_0 : \text{Re}(h'(z) + \alpha zh''(z) - \beta) > |g'(z) + \alpha zg''(z)|, \; z \in \mathbb{D} \} \] where $\alpha \ge 0$, $\beta < 1$. We prove generalized Bohr inequalities by replacing the basis $\{r^n\}$ with non-negative continuous functions $\{\varphi_n(r)\}$. The results are proved using sharp coefficient bounds and growth theorems, providing new insights into the Bohr phenomenon for harmonic mappings and subclasses defined by differential inequalities.
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math.CV 2026-06-30

Lelong number sets of positive currents are analytic of dim at most 1

by Tien-Cuong Dinh, Viet-Anh Nguyen

Siu's analyticity theorem for positive pluriharmonic currents

On projective manifolds this gives a decomposition of ddc-closed (1,1)-currents into curves plus remainder and places classes in the effecti

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Let $T$ be a positive $\ddc$-closed current of bidimension $(1,1)$ on a projective manifold $X$ of dimension $n.$ We show that for every $c > 0$ the set of points of $X$ where the Lelong number of $T$ is larger or equal to $c$ is an analytic subset of dimension at most $1$ of $X.$ Moreover, the following Siu decomposition holds $$T=\sum_{i\in I} \lambda_i[V_i] +T_0,$$ where $\{V_i\}_{i\in I}$ is a (possibly empty) finite or countable family of compact analytic curves in $X,$ $\lambda_i\in\mathbb{R}^+,$ and $T_0$ is a positive $\ddc$-closed current of bidimension $(1,1)$ on $X$ whose Lelong number vanishes outside a finite or countable set. As a consequence, the cohomology class of every positive $\ddc$-closed current of bidimension $(1, 1)$ on $X,$ which does not give mass to any proper analytic set, belongs to the Poincar\'e dual of the effective cone of $H^{1,1}(X,\mathbb{R}).$
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math.DS 2026-06-29

Hermitian form from unstable cocycle induces distance on Hénon components

by Fabrizio Bianchi, Yan Mary He

A thermodynamic path metric for complex H\'enon maps

The form tracks variations in the marked complex unstable multiplier spectrum and yields a distance via rigidity, as a higher-dimensional pr

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We construct a Hermitian covariance form on hyperbolic components in parameter spaces of complex H\'enon maps, associated to the full complex unstable derivative cocycle. The form measures infinitesimal variations in the marked complex unstable multiplier spectrum. Using a recent multiplier rigidity theorem by Cantat--Dujardin, we prove that it induces a distance on every hyperbolic component. Motivated by Sullivan's dictionary and by the thermodynamic interpretation of the Weil--Petersson metric, our result gives a first higher-dimensional holomorphic-dynamical counterpart of pressure-type metric structures. On the other hand, the construction differs from the one-dimensional theory in an essential way: it replaces the real geometric potential measuring unstable expansion by the full complex unstable derivative cocycle. This also suggests a complex derivative cocycle counterpart to pressure-type metric structures in Teichm\"uller theory and Anosov representation theory.
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math.DG 2026-06-29

Maxfaces allow approximation with prescribed singularities

by Shuki Sano

Approximation and Interpolation Theorems for Maximal Surfaces with Singularities

Methods from minimal surfaces extend to show existence of maxfaces with singularities at chosen points or dense singular sets in L^3.

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In this paper, we prove an approximation and interpolation theorem for maxfaces in the Lorentz--Minkowski $3$-space $\mathbb{L}^3$. Alarc\'on, Forstneri\v{c}, and L\'opez established approximation and interpolation theorems for conformal minimal surfaces using the Enneper--Weierstrass representation formula. We survey their methods and apply them to maxfaces. Furthermore, by incorporating singularity criteria based on the Weierstrass data of maxfaces into the approximation and interpolation theorem, we demonstrate the existence of a maxface with prescribed singularities at specified points, as well as the existence of a maxface whose singular set has a dense image in $\mathbb{L}^3$.
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math.CV 2026-06-29

Integration by parts formula for plurisubharmonic functions

by Hoang-Son Do, Giang Le

Integration by parts for plurisubharmonic functions

Extends Cegrell's result to functions bounded outside a compact set on hyperconvex domains.

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In this paper, we provide an integration by parts formula for plurisubharmonic functions on a hyperconvex domain that are bounded outside a compact set. This extends a previous result of Urban Cegrell.
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math.CV 2026-06-29

Exponent sizes alone fix all finite-order solutions to coupled Fermat system

by Jhilik Banerjee, Abhijit Banerjee

Finite Order Transcendental Entire Solutions of Coupled Fermat-Type Difference Equations in Several Complex Variables

In C^n the structure of transcendental entire solutions is dictated by relative magnitudes of the exponents in each equation.

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Motivated by recent developments in complex difference equations and Nevanlinna theory in several complex variables, we investigate finite-order transcendental entire solutions of the coupled Fermat-type difference system: \beas \begin{cases} f_1^{n_1}(z)+ f_2^{m_1} \left(z+c \right) = 1,\\ f_2^{n_2}(z) + f_1^{m_2} \left(z+c\right) = 1, \end{cases} \eeas where $z,c=(c_1,c_2,\ldots,c_n) \in \mathbb{C}^n$ for various choices of $n_i,m_i$, $i=1,2$. where $n_i,m_i\in\mathbb N$ and $n_i+m_i\ge2$ $(i=1,2)$. Extending the classical investigations of Gross--Yang, Liu, Liu--Cao--Cao and more recently, Xu \emph{et al.} in one and two complex variables, to a general coupled system in $\mathbb C^n$ we establish a complete characterization of all finite-order transcendental entire solutions. We have determined that the solution structure is completely determined by the relative sizes of the exponents.
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math.FA 2026-06-29

No nontrivial semigroup yields strong continuity on all of BMOA

by Austin Anderson, Mirjana Jovovic +1 more

Composition Semigroups on BMOA and H^(infty)

The maximal continuity space stays strictly smaller than BMOA, with a uniform H^∞-norm limit for every semigroup.

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We study $[\phi_t , X]$, the maximal space of strong continuity for a semigroup of composition operators induced by a semigroup $\{\phi_t\}_{t\ge0}$ of analytic self-maps of the unit disk, when $X$ is BMOA, $H^\infty$ or the disk algebra. In particular, we show that $[\phi_t,\text{BMOA}] \neq \text{BMOA}$ for all nontrivial semigroups. We also prove, for every semigroup $\{\phi_t\}_{t\ge0}$, that $\lim_{t \to 0^+} \phi_t(z) = z$ not just pointwise, but in $H^{\infty}$ norm. This provides a unified proof of known results about $[\phi_t , X]$ when $X \in \{H^p, A^p, \mathcal B_0, \text{VMOA}\}$.
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math.CV 2026-06-29

Integral operator S_g bounded below on Bloch space for specific g

by Austin Anderson

Some Closed Range Integral Operators On Spaces of Analytic Functions

Characterization given for g making the operator have closed range on Bloch, Hardy, and Bergman spaces; companion operator fails on most but

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Our main result is a characterization of $g$ for which the operator $S_g(f)(z) = \int_0^z f'(w)g(w)\, dw$ is bounded below on the Bloch space. We point out analogous results for the Hardy space $H^2$ and the Bergman spaces $A^p$ for $1 \leq p < \infty$. We also show the companion operator $T_g(f)(z) = \int_0^z f(w)g'(w) \, dw$ is never bounded below on $H^2$, Bloch, nor BMOA, but may be bounded below on $A^p$.
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math.CV 2026-06-29

Invariant mass reduces every elliptic system to μ=0

by Daniel Alayón-Solarz

The Framed Beltrami-Vekua Normal Form and its Pseudo-Analytic Mass

One recombination and one scaling carry any framed equation to the trivial frame over the same μ while preserving total mass, even at measur

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We normalize a first-order real planar elliptic system, by pointwise algebra, to a framed Beltrami-Vekua equation $\Phi(w_{\bar z} - \mu w_z) + \Psi(\overline{w_z} - \mu\,\overline{w_{\bar z}}) + \mathfrak{a} w + \mathfrak{b} \bar w = \mathfrak{f}$, with $|\mu| < 1$ and $|\Phi| > |\Psi|$, and compute the closed transformation laws of its data under the recombination of unknowns $w \mapsto \varphi w + \psi \bar w$ and under orientation-preserving $C^1$ changes of variables. The 2-form $\Theta = \frac{\bigl|\,\Phi\,\mathfrak{b} - \Psi\,\mathfrak{a} - (\Phi\, L\Psi - \Psi\, L\Phi)\,\bigr|^2}{\bigl(|\Phi|^2 - |\Psi|^2\bigr)^2\,\bigl(1 - |\mu|^2\bigr)}\; dx\, dy$, with $L = \bar\partial - \mu\,\partial$, is invariant under the recombination and covariant under the changes of variables. The total mass $\mathcal{M} = \int_\Omega \Theta$ is therefore an invariant of the equivalence class. One recombination and one scaling carry any framed equation, in closed form, onto the trivial-frame slice - a Beltrami-Vekua equation over the same $\mu$ - there identifying $\Theta$ with the pseudo-analytic mass density of the unframed equation. We then show all of this persists at measurable regularity: it suffices that $\mu$ be measurable and locally elliptic and that the frame lie in $W^{1,2}_{\mathrm{loc}} \cap L^\infty_{\mathrm{loc}}$, the changes of variables then being quasiconformal homeomorphisms. In that class every equation with $\|\mu\|_\infty < 1$ is quasiconformally equivalent, of equal mass, to one over $\mu = 0$.
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math.CV 2026-06-29

Harmonic zeta function continues meromorphically with explicit residues

by Merve Kara Öztürk, Mümün Can

Series involving parametric harmonic zeta function

The continuation supplies closed forms for new Stieltjes constants and defines a digamma analog obeying the same functional equations.

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This paper investigates the analytic structure of the parametric harmonic zeta function \[ \zeta_{H}\left( s,a,b\right) =\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{H_{n}\left( a\right) }{\left( n+b\right) ^{s}}, \] where $H_{n}\left( a\right) $ denotes the $n$th generalized harmonic number. We first establish the meromorphic continuation of $\zeta_{H}\left(s,a,b\right) $ to the whole complex plane, except for a set of poles, and explicitly determine the residues at its poles. Secondly, we derive the Taylor expansion of $\zeta_{H}\left( s,a,b+t\right) $ around $t=0$, serving as a generating function that enables generalizations of several classical identities of Landau, Singh-Verma, and Srivastava to the harmonic zeta setting. We then develop explicit expressions for the associated harmonic Stieltjes constants $\gamma_{H,-v}\left( m,a,b\right) ,$ $v\in\mathbb{N} \cup\left\{ -1,0\right\} $. These formulas include cases for which no closed forms were previously available, such as $\gamma_{H,-v}\left( m,a\right) $ and $\gamma_{H,-v}\left( m\right) ,$ $v\in\mathbb{N}\cup\left\{ 0\right\} $. Finally, we introduce a new special function, the harmonic digamma function, and show that it shares key analytic properties with the classical digamma function, including difference equations, derivative identities, and Taylor series expansion.
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math.CV 2026-06-29

UQR maps on spheres can have Fatou sets with infinitely many components

by Gaven Martin, Kirsi Peltonen

Examples of Uniformly Quasiregular Mappings with Fatou Set Having Infinitely Many Components

The examples include a higher-dimensional counterpart to the quadratic map z squared minus one.

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We construct examples of uniformly quasiregular mappings (uqr) acting on a sphere and having Fatou set consisting of infinitely many components. In particular we construct a uqr mapping providing a higher dimensional counterpart for the polynomial $z \mapsto z^2 - 1$ acting on the extended complex plane $\hat{\mathbb{C}}$.
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math-ph 2026-06-26

Ising model on random surfaces reaches (3,4) critical limit

by Maurice Duits, Nathan Hayford +1 more

The Ising Model Coupled to 2D Gravity: Critical Partition Function

Log-partition-function differential converges to (3,4) τ-function, confirming 1990s matrix-model conjectures

Figure from the paper full image
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We prove that the differential of the log of the partition function for the $2$-matrix model with quartic interactions converges in a certain double-scaling regime to the differential of the $\boldsymbol{\tau}$-function for the $(3,4)$ string equation. This confirms the convergence of the critical Ising model on random surfaces to the $(3,4)$ topological minimal model, which was stated in the works of Douglas and Shenker, Br\'{e}zin and Kazakov, and Gross and Migdal. Our analysis is based on a steepest-descent analysis of a Riemann-Hilbert problem associated to a family of biorthogonal polynomials. New features in the matching problem in the construction of local parametrices appear.
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math.AG 2026-06-26

Noether-Lefschetz loci for C1+rC2 stay distinct at codim 31 for most r

by Hossein Movasati

On a counterexample to a conjecture of J. Harris for octic surfaces

On the octic Fermat surface, these loci meet only in 32-codim subvarieties and reach a maximum codim of 35, offering a possible counterexamp

abstract click to expand
We take a sum $C_1+r C_2,\ r\in\Q$ of a line $C_1$ and a complete intersection curve $C_2$ of type $(3,3)$ inside the octic Fermat surface and with no intersection points. We gather strong evidences to the fact that for all except a finite number of $r$, the Noether-Lefschetz loci attached to the cohomology classes of $C_1+r C_2$ are set theoretically distinct $31$ codimensional subvarieties intersecting each other in a $32$ codimensional subvariety of the ambient space. The maximum codimension for components of the Noether-Lefschetz locus in this case is $35$, and hence, we provide a possible counterexample to a conjecture of J. Harris.
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math.CV 2026-06-25

Vekua printed wrong sign for complex characteristic factor

by Daniel Alayón-Solarz

The complex form of Vekua's characteristic factor: a derivation, and two sign corrections in {S}7 of Generalized Analytic Functions

Derivation from real form (7.13) shows (7.14) should be negated; (7.23) fails unless a=c

abstract click to expand
In \S7 of \emph{Generalized Analytic Functions} \cite{vekua}, the reduction of a first-order elliptic system to canonical form proceeds through a factor of the characteristic equation, which Vekua selects in real form~(7.13) and then restates, without derivation, in complex (Beltrami) form~(7.14). We supply that conversion. With the standard Wirtinger convention used below, the complex form of~(7.13) is the negative of the coefficient printed in~(7.14) (p.~126, 1962 Pergamon edition), and we confirm the correct sign against Vekua's own factorization~(7.12) and his canonical coefficient~(7.17). A related sign defect appears in the second-order Beltrami coefficient~(7.23) (p.~127): a coordinate solving (7.23) as printed reduces the equation to the canonical form~(7.26) only in the special symmetric case $a=c$. In both instances the error is confined to the displayed coefficient and leaves the surrounding reduction, carried out independently of it, intact; we record the corrected coefficient in each case.
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math.FA 2026-06-25

Local conditions on inner functions characterize essential commutativity of projections

by Rounak Biswas, Srijan Sarkar

Essentially commuting projections onto shift-invariant subspaces

The conditions come from Halmos' theorem and also link the commutator to Fredholm pairs and compactness of inner-symbol Toeplitz operators.

abstract click to expand
In this article, using Halmos' two projections theorem, we completely characterize the essential commutativity of the orthogonal projections onto the shift-invariant subspaces $\phi_1 H^2(\mathbb{D})$ and $\phi_2 H^2(\mathbb{D})$ of the Hardy space $H^2(\mathbb{D})$ via local conditions on the inner functions $\phi_1$ and $\phi_2$. Finite-rank commutators $[P_{\phi_1}, P_{\phi_2}]$ are also characterized. Using our methods, we connect the essential commutativity with the Fredholmness of the projections $(P_{\phi_1}, P_{\phi_2})$ as introduced by Avron, Seiler and Simon. Applications include refining existing conditions for compactness of truncated Toeplitz operators corresponding to inner symbols and thereby characterizing the compactness of certain contractions using the Sz.-Nagy--Foias model theory. We conclude with several characterizations on the polydisc.
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math.CV 2026-06-24

Monic quartics connect two roots by path shorter than 2 inside |f|<1

by Venkata Siddharth Pendyala

A Degree-Four Lemniscate Path Theorem

Proves the degree-four case of the Erdős-Herzog-Piranian problem for polynomials with all zeros inside the unit disk.

abstract click to expand
We prove the degree-four case of a path problem of Erd\H{o}s, Herzog, and Piranian. If $f$ is monic of degree four and all zeros of $f$, counted with multiplicity, lie in the open unit disk, then two zeros from this list can be joined inside $$\{z:|f(z)|<1\}$$ by a possibly degenerate polygonal path of length less than $2$.
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math.CV 2026-06-24

Disk-growth Remez principle modularizes Turán-Nazarov proof

by Omer Friedland

A Disk-Growth Remez Principle and a Modular Proof of the Measurable Tur\'an-Nazarov Inequality

Geometric-mean induction on the full measurable set yields the sharp exponent m-1 using only the classical interval inequality.

abstract click to expand
We give a modular proof of the measurable Tur\'an-Nazarov inequality for exponential polynomials. The proof first establishes a Remez principle for holomorphic functions satisfying two disk-growth assumptions. The global growth assumption controls the number of relevant zeros, while the local growth assumption gives an effective degree. This yields Cartan coverings, sublevel estimates, and a geometric-mean Remez inequality. For exponential polynomials with bounded spectral diameter, the required disk growth follows from the classical interval Tur\'an inequality. For large spectral diameter, we use a first-order pruning step. If $\rho = \diam(\spec p)$ and $a\in\spec p$, then $$ Q_a = \rho^{-1}(D-a)p $$ has one fewer exponential term, and the quotient $Q_a/p$ satisfies an absolute weak distribution estimate away from the zero set of $p$. Writing $$ Q_a = \rho^{-1}(D-a)p, \quad Q_b = \rho^{-1}(D-b)p $$ for two farthest spectral points $a,b$ gives $$ Q_a-Q_b = \frac{b-a}{\rho}p, \quad |b-a| = \rho, $$ and hence $|p|\le |Q_a|+|Q_b|$. The induction is carried out in geometric-mean form on the original measurable set. This avoids losing a fixed proportion of the set at each step and gives the classical measurable Tur\'an-Nazarov inequality with the sharp algebraic exponent $m-1$. The final measurable $L^\infty$ estimate is classical; the point here is the modular proof and the geometric-mean induction. The only Tur\'an-type input is the classical interval Tur\'an inequality.
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math.FA 2026-06-24

Cesàro operator gains a definition on Drury-Arveson space

by Michael R. Pilla

Ces\`aro-Type Operators Acting on the Drury-Arveson Space

The proposed formula extends the classical averaging operator to holomorphic functions on the multi-dimensional ball and verifies its basic

abstract click to expand
The celebrated Ces\`aro operator is a well-known operator with interesting connections to a variety of objects in operator theory. Generalizations have been made for Ces\`aro-type operators acting on weighted Hardy spaces but constructing analogs of the Ces\`aro operator for function spaces of several complex variables such as the Drury-Arveson space has yet to be achieved. In this article, we posit a definition we belief is the correct generalization to several variables and establish a few of its basic properties.
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math.DG 2026-06-24

CR Paneitz operator has infinitely many negative eigenvalues on non-embeddable tori

by Pak Tung Ho, Yuya Takeuchi

Non-embeddable torus and CR Paneitz operator

The spectral result holds under mild assumptions on three-dimensional tori that cannot be embedded.

abstract click to expand
The CR Paneitz operator is closely related to several important problems in CR geometry. In this paper, we study the CR Paneitz operator on non-embeddable three-dimensional tori. Under mild assumptions, we show that it possesses infinitely many negative eigenvalues. We also provide concrete examples satisfying the assumptions.
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math.DG 2026-06-24

Off-diagonal expansion holds for indicator-symbol Toeplitz kernels

by Razvan Apredoaei

Asymptotics for Toeplitz operators with symbol an indicator function

This allows extending trace asymptotics of polynomials and Weyl laws to non-compact symplectic manifolds of bounded geometry.

abstract click to expand
We prove an off-diagonal expansion of the kernel of the Toeplitz operator whose symbol is the indicator function of a compact domain with smooth boundary in a complete symplectic manifold of bounded geometry. Using our approach, we extend two results to the non-compact setting: the first concerns the asymptotics of the trace of polynomials in this operator, and the second establishes a Weyl law for this Toeplitz operator.
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math.DG 2026-06-24

Iterated logs refine Kähler-Einstein potential bounds near singularities

by Rui Tang

L^infty-estimates of K\"ahler-Einstein potentials on stable varieties

Refined lower bounds improve prior estimates on stable varieties, with upper bounds when log resolution assumptions hold.

abstract click to expand
We study the asymptotic behavior of K\"ahler-Einstein potentials on stable varieties near the singularities. Using iterated logarithmic functions associated with a defining function of the non-klt locus, we obtain refined lower bounds for the K\"ahler-Einstein potential, improving previous estimates of Di Nezza-Guedj-Guenancia and Datar-Fu-Song. Under additional assumptions on the log resolution, we also establish upper bounds. The proofs are based on the construction of explicit subsolutions and supersolutions for degenerate complex Monge-Amp\`ere equations together with refined integrability estimates in pluripotential theory.
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math.CV 2026-06-24

Fefferman-Szegő metric on egg domains is Einstein only for m=1

by Anjali Bhatnagar, Jiliang Fan

The invariant SzegH{o} metric on Egg domains

Explicit kernel shows Ricci curvature vanishes precisely when the domain is the unit ball.

abstract click to expand
We study the Fefferman--Szeg\H{o} metric on egg domains \[ \mathcal D_{2m}=\{(z,w)\in\mathbb C^2: |z|^2+|w|^{2m}<1\},\qquad\qquad\qquad m\in\mathbb Z^+. \] Our first main result establishes the existence of the Fefferman--Szeg\H{o} kernel on $\mathcal{D}_{2m}$ by verifying that the Fefferman weight lies in the Muckenhoupt class $A_2(\partial\mathcal{D}_{2m})$. We then derive an explicit closed-form expression for this kernel, demonstrate that its blowup occurs precisely on the boundary diagonal, and determine its boundary asymptotic behaviour. Using this kernel, we compute the associated Fefferman--Szeg\H{o} metric and its Ricci curvature. As applications, we prove several rigidity results: the metric is K\"ahler--Einstein if and only if $m=1$; proportionality to the Bergman metric or to some complete K\"ahler metric $g_m^{\mathcal D_{2m}}$ is also equivalent to $m=1$. Finally, we establish the vanishing of the $L^2$-cohomology outside the middle dimension for the Fefferman--Szeg\H{o} metric.
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math.DG 2026-06-24

Constant Chern curvature forces LCK manifolds to be Kähler

by Zhuzhu Huang, Xueyuan Wan

Compact locally conformal K\"ahler manifolds with constant Chern holomorphic sectional curvature

Proof shows the metric is actually Kähler, hence a complex space form, without needing nonpositivity assumptions.

abstract click to expand
We prove the Chern version of the constant holomorphic sectional curvature conjecture for compact locally conformal K\"ahler manifolds. More precisely, let $(M^n,h)$, $n\geq2$, be a compact locally conformal K\"ahler manifold whose Chern holomorphic sectional curvature is a constant $c$. We show that $h$ is necessarily K\"ahler and therefore is a complex space form metric of holomorphic sectional curvature $c$. In particular, when $c=0$, the metric is K\"ahler flat. This removes the nonpositivity assumption from a theorem of Chen, Chen, and Nie. The proof derives a curvature identity on the universal K\"ahler cover and shows that the covering metric is Bochner--K\"ahler. The globally conformally K\"ahler case is then treated by compact Bochner--K\"ahler rigidity, while the strict LCK case is excluded by Kamishima's uniformization theorem and the automorphy of the conformal factor.
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math.CV 2026-06-24

Hull at tangents on 3-manifolds set by Bishop invariant value

by Ali M. Elgindi

Holomorphic Hulls for Compact 3-Manifolds

Elliptic points fill with discs, hyperbolic add none, parabolic may layer; realized on knots and mixed links.

abstract click to expand
We demonstrate the different possible structures for holomorphic hulls for embeddings of compact real 3-manifolds $M \hookrightarrow \mathbb{C}^3$ along the set of complex tangents $\gamma$. Using our previous work [1], we can construct embeddings with any prescribed link and 2-plane field along it, as well as a prescription of angles at each point that determines the Bishop invariant. We show that elliptic points ($\gamma < \frac{1}{2}$) produce analytic discs filling a Levi-flat hypersurface, hyperbolic points ($\gamma > \frac{1}{2}$) add no local hull structure, and parabolic points ($\gamma = \frac{1}{2}$) may develop a "delicate" J\"oricke `onion' structure. We illustrate these phenomena with explicit examples of parabolic knots and links with mixed components.
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math.CV 2026-06-24

Derivative bounds make functions φ-normal on C^n unit balls

by Pratiksha

On normality and φ-normality of holomorphic functions in several complex variables

Conditions on higher-order partial derivatives and total differential inequalities yield normality criteria that extend prior results.

abstract click to expand
In this paper, we investigate $\varphi$-normal functions and normal families of holomorphic functions concerning total derivatives in $\mathbb{C}^{n}.$ More precisely, we prove a sufficient condition for a holomorphic function defined on an open unit ball in $\mathbb{C}^{n}$ satisfying certain conditions involving higher order partial derivatives to be $\varphi$-normal. Furthermore, by using differential inequalities involving total differential polynomials in $\mathbb{C}^{n}$, we establish some normality criteria for holomorphic functions in $\mathbb{C}^{n}$ which generalize some known results.
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math.CV 2026-06-24

Framework yields sharp pre-Schwarzian bounds for Ma-Minda starlike classes

by Ming Li, Mei Luo

Sharp Pre-Schwarzian Norm Bounds for Ma-Minda Starlike Classes

The direct uniform method recovers Janowski results and supplies explicit formulas for classical and new subclasses.

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In this paper, we develop a unified framework to evaluate the pre-Schwarzian norm for the Ma-Minda starlike class. We present a direct, general computational approach. As an application, we streamline and consolidate the results from Ali and Pal (Monatsh. Math., 2023), who obtained sharp estimates for the pre-Schwarzian norm of the Janowski starlike class. Furthermore, we utilize the proposed framework to derive explicit norm formulas for both classical and newly introduced subclasses of starlike functions.
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math.CV 2026-06-24

Schur functions extend to rhombic lattices via shift operators

by Daniel Alpay, Angel Fuerte Perez +1 more

Schur functions on a rhombic lattice

The construction solves a basic interpolation problem with a discrete Blaschke factor.

Figure from the paper full image
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We extend the study of discrete analytic (DA) Schur functions to rhombic lattices, utilizing suitably defined shift operators. There is a number of important differences with the classical case, including eigenvalues of the backward shift operator. As an application we solve a basic interpolation problem in a weighted Hardy space of DA functions, introducing a discrete counterpart of the Blaschke factor.
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math.DS 2026-06-23

Wandering domains realize any accessible interior in a strip

by Beno Učakar

On the geometry of unbounded wandering domains

Approximation constructs entire functions with univalent iterates on domains that approximate any simply connected set and can have arbitrar

Figure from the paper full image
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We study the geometry of unbounded wandering domains of entire functions using Arakelian approximation. First, we show that, given a uniformly accessible closed set contained in a strip, the connected components of its interior can be realized as escaping or oscillating wandering domains of some entire function. The iterates of the function are univalent on these wandering domains, and any unbounded wandering domain remains unbounded under iteration. Second, we show that, in some precise sense, any simply connected open set can be approximated by escaping or oscillating wandering domains. As a direct consequence, we obtain wandering domains whose complements have arbitrarily small areas.
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math.DG 2026-06-23

Pluriclosed flow exists forever on nilmanifolds and torus bundles

by Elia Fusi, James Stanfield +1 more

Long-time existence of the pluriclosed flow on some fibrations

General theorem for holomorphic submersions covers non-invariant data on Lie group quotients and bundles over nonpositively curved bases.

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We prove long-time existence of the pluriclosed flow on certain compact quotients of Lie groups for non-invariant initial data, as well as on some holomorphic principal torus bundles over nonpositively curved K\"ahler manifolds. In particular, our results cover the cases of nilmanifolds and almost-abelian solvmanifolds, and provide a new proof of the long-time existence of the pluriclosed flow on certain complex surfaces, originally established by Garcia-Fernandez, Jordan, and Streets. These results follow from a general theorem on holomorphic submersions, which is of independent interest and, in particular, also implies the long-time existence of the pluriclosed flow on Oeljeklaus-Toma manifolds, as proved by Streets and Wang.
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math.CV 2026-06-23

Mellin transforms extend Laplace asymptotics beyond power series

by Henrik Kaiser

Generalizing Laplace's method by means of Mellin transforms

Asymptotic expansions for Laplace transforms now use special functions when integrands show exponential behavior near critical points

abstract click to expand
A well-known procedure for the asymptotic evaluation of Laplace transforms is Laplace's method. Despite its wide applicability, however, it is easy to find relevant examples where the technique is infeasible, because the integrand admits no power series expansion near the critical point, e.g., due to exponential behaviour there. We circumvent this issue through an extension of the method of Mellin transforms, based on an integral representation for the kernel and a generalization of the Taylor expansion. Our main result then extends the Laplacian method in the sense that it provides asymptotic expansions for a wider scope of Laplace transforms in terms of known special functions, rather than only in powers of the asymptotic parameter. The results are illustrated in two examples.
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math.DG 2026-06-23

Rational surfaces all admit Kähler metrics with positive HSC

by Shiyu Zhang

Positive holomorphic sectional curvature on rational surfaces

Completing Hitchin's theorem via degeneration from toric manifolds whose Delzant metrics already have the positivity.

abstract click to expand
In 1975, Hitchin proved that any compact complex surface admitting a K\"ahler metric with positive holomorphic sectional curvature $HSC>0$ is rational. Conversely, he constructed such metrics on all Hirzebruch surfaces $\mathbb{F}_k$, as a first step towards characterizing rational surfaces by the existence of a K\"ahler metric with suitable curvature positivity. In this paper, we prove that every projective manifold $X$ obtained from a projective toric manifold by a finite sequence of blow-ups at points admits a K\"ahler metric with $HSC>0$. This statement applies to all rational surfaces and therefore completes Hitchin's result, resolving the complex surface case of a problem of Yau listed in "Open Problems in Geometry". The proof has two main ingredients. First, we prove that the toric K\"ahler metric on a projective toric manifold arising from Delzant's construction has $HSC>0$. Second, via a one-parameter degeneration, we construct, for any such $X$, a smooth projective family $\pi:\mathcal X\to\mathbb C$ such that $\mathcal X_t\simeq X$ for $t\ne0$, while $\mathcal X_0$ is a projective toric manifold.
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math.CV 2026-06-23

Spiral domains exist for parabolic germs in C² when b > 1/4

by Luka Boc Thaler

Spiral Domains and Lavaurs-Type Renormalization for Parabolic Germs of mathbb{C}²

The domains are proved for a fixed quadratic part and produce new invariants plus a C³ example with non-contractible wandering domain.

abstract click to expand
We study the local dynamics of holomorphic germs $P:\mathbb C^2\to\mathbb C^2$ tangent to the identity whose 2-jet at the origin is $(J_0^2P)(z,w)= (z-z^2,w+w^2+bz^2)$. We prove the existence of parabolic domains for all values of the parameter $b$, showing in particular that for $b>1/4$ there are spiral domains, i.e. parabolic domains whose orbits converge to the origin without being tangent to any fixed direction. We then establish a Lavaurs-type renormalization theorem for a class of non-skew-product maps, extending earlier results known in the skew-product case. As applications, we obtain new topological invariants for such germs and construct a Fatou component with both rank-one and rank-zero limit maps. We also give an example of a polynomial self-map of $\mathbb C^3$ with an elliptic fixed point admitting a wandering domain with non-contractible limit set.
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math.CV 2026-06-23

Compactness of composition operators tied to slice counting functions

by Evgueni Doubtsov, Andrei V. Vasin

Composition operators between de Branges-Rovnyak and Hardy spaces

The criterion reduces the several-variable compactness question to restrictions on Nevanlinna counts of the maps φ_ζ for boundary ζ.

abstract click to expand
Let $d\ge 1$ and $\varphi: B_d\to\mathbb{D}$ be a holomorphic function, where $B_d$ denotes the open unit ball of $\mathbb{C}^d$ and $\mathbb{D} = B_1$. Let $b: \mathbb{D} \to \mathbb{D}$ be a holomorphic function and $\mathcal {H}(b)$ denote the corresponding de Branges-Rovnyak space. We show that compactness of the composition operator $C_\varphi$ from $\mathcal{H}(b)$ to the Hardy space $H^2(B_d)$ is related to natural restrictions on the Nevanlinna counting functions of the slice-functions $\varphi_\zeta$, $\zeta\in \partial B_d$.
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math.AG 2026-06-23

Generalized Ueda class blocks semi-positive metrics on line bundles

by Xiaojun Wu

Generalized Ueda Obstruction Classes and Applications to Non-semi-positivity of Line Bundles

Non-vanishing of the obstruction prevents smooth Hermitian metrics with non-negative curvature even for singular subvarieties.

abstract click to expand
We introduce a generalized first Ueda obstruction class for a line bundle along a closed analytic subvariety of a complex manifold, allowing singular subvarieties and restrictions that are not unitary flat. Using a Dolbeault resolution, the Chern curvature appears naturally, and non-vanishing of the class obstructs the existence of a smooth Hermitian metric with semi-positive curvature. As an application, we recover several classical examples within a unified framework and provide new examples of nef but not semi-positive line bundles. We also introduce higher degree analogues of these obstruction classes.
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math.FA 2026-06-22

Toeplitz plus Hankel operators on polydisc get full classification

by Kritika Babbar, Mo Javed +1 more

Characterization of paired and Toeplitz + Hankel operators on the polydisc

Classification covers the vector-valued case over D^n along with paired and theta-paired variants.

abstract click to expand
In this paper, we obtain a complete classification of Toeplitz + Hankel operators on the vector-valued Hardy space $H^2_{\mathcal{E}}(\mathbb{D}^n)$ over the polydisc $\mathbb{D}^n$ in $\mathbb{C}^n$ for $n\geq 1$. We also characterize the paired operators on $L^2(\mathbb{T}^n)$. For an inner function $\theta \in H^\infty(\mathbb{D}^n)$, we further characterize $\theta$-paired operators on $H^2(\mathbb{D}^n)$ with respect to the Beurling submodule $\theta H^2(\mathbb{D}^n)$.
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math.CV 2026-06-22

Riemann hypothesis equals moderate net association in Colombeau algebra

by Amaury Alvarez Cruz, Esteban A Alvarez Gutierrez

A Colombeau--Beurling criterion for the Riemann hypothesis

Equivalence recasts the conjecture as a property of one damped-sum net and its weak limit

abstract click to expand
This paper establishes an equivalence between the Riemann hypothesis and the association of a single moderate net in the Colombeau algebra G(0,1), constructed from damped Baez-Duarte sums. Two explicit damping strategies are introduced: an exponential damping exp(-k eps^2) combined with super-exponential truncation, and a polynomial damping k^(-delta(eps)), where delta(eps) = (log(1/eps))^(-alpha), combined with polynomial truncation. Assuming the Riemann hypothesis, the corresponding nets are shown to be moderate and associated with the negative characteristic function of (0,1). Conversely, the existence of a moderate net of this form associated with the negative characteristic function of (0,1) implies the Riemann hypothesis. The result provides a Colombeau-Beurling type criterion that reformulates the Riemann hypothesis in terms of generalized functions and weak association.
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math.CV 2026-06-22

L^p bounds characterized for kernel operators on Hartogs triangles

by Qian Fu

L^p-Boundedness of Forelli-Rudin Type Operators on Rational Hartogs Triangles

Necessary and sufficient conditions on a,b,c and N recover the sharp ranges of the Bergman projection and Berezin transform.

abstract click to expand
Let $ H_{m/n}=\{(z_1,z_2)\in\C^2:|z_1|^m<|z_2|^n<1\}, \qquad \gcd(m,n)=1, $ be a rational Hartogs triangle. We characterize the $L^p$-boundedness of Forelli--Rudin type operators associated with its Bergman kernel. For the operators with kernel $|B_{m/n}(z,w)|^{c/2}$, the characterization holds for all $a,b\in\R$ and $c>0$; for the operators with kernel $B_{m/n}(z,w)^N$, it holds for every $N\in\Z_+$. The conditions are necessary and sufficient and recover the sharp $L^p$-ranges of the Bergman projection and the Berezin transform.
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math.CV 2026-06-22

Harmonic K-quasiregular maps bound curve integrals by boundary data

by Elver Bajrami

Gabriel-Type Estimates for Harmonic Quasiregular Mappings and Stoilow Classes

The constant equals 2 at K=1 and rises to 4 as K grows, recovering both the analytic and full harmonic cases.

abstract click to expand
Gabriel's classical theorem bounds the integral of $|f|^p$ over every convex curve in the unit disk by the boundary $H^p$ norm of an analytic function, with sharp constant $2$. Das recently proved a harmonic Hardy-space analogue for $p>1$, with constant $4$ when $p\ge2$. This paper records several quasiregular variants of Gabriel's inequality and separates the genuinely quantitative estimates from the general maximal-function mechanism behind them. The main estimate concerns sense-preserving harmonic $K$-quasiregular mappings. If $f=h+\overline g\in h^2$ and $|g'|\le k|h'|$, where $K=(1+k)/(1-k)$, then every convex curve $\Gamma\subset\mathbb{D}$ satisfies \[ \int_\Gamma |f(z)|^2{\rm d}s(z) \le 2\frac{(1+k)^2}{1+k^2} \int_{\mathbb{T}} |f^*(\zeta)|^2\,|d\zeta| = \frac{4K^2}{K^2+1} \int_{\mathbb{T}} |f^*(\zeta)|^2\,|d\zeta|. \] Thus the analytic constant $2$ is recovered for $K=1$, while the bound tends to Das's harmonic constant $4$ as $K\to\infty$. We also include a maximal-function criterion for general quasiregular classes, a log-subharmonic modulus case in which the sharp analytic constant is inherited from the Lozi\'nski majorant theorem, and Stoilow-factorization criteria under explicit boundary distortion hypotheses.
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math-ph 2026-06-22

Alien operators connect real and holomorphic geodesic heat kernels

by Si Li, Yong Li +1 more

Heat Kernel and Resurgence

Coefficients arise as signed counts of Morse flow trajectories in the proposed correspondence for 1-Gevrey short-time expansions.

abstract click to expand
We study the resurgent structure of short-time heat kernel asymptotics from the viewpoint of Picard-Lefschetz theory. For a real analytic Riemannian manifold, we show the heat kernel admits a 1-Gevrey small-time expansion whose Borel transform detects complex-geometric data beyond the real geodesic sector. We formulate an infinite-dimensional Picard-Lefschetz problem of Morse-Floer type for the holomorphic energy functional on the complexified path space, and propose a heat-kernel analogue of the Picard-Lefschetz/Alien correspondence. In this framework, pointed alien operators acting on the asymptotic expansion associated with the real geodesic are predicted to produce the formal heat-kernel sectors associated with other holomorphic geodesics, with coefficients given by signed counts of connecting trajectories of the Morse flow. We perform a confirming test of this proposal on the hyperbolic plane $H^2$.
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math.CV 2026-06-22

Theorems force periodicity in meromorphic functions under value conditions

by Molla Basir Ahamed

On the Conjecture of C. C. Yang and periodicity of meromorphic functions

Results extend earlier work on entire functions by showing that suitable growth and sharing assumptions imply the function repeats.

abstract click to expand
In this paper, we investigate two recent conjectures posed by Yang concerning the periodicity of entire functions. A portion of these problems was recently addressed by Qiong and Peichu [Acta Math. Sci. Ser. B (Engl. Ed.) 38 (2018) 209-214] and Liu [Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 101 (2020) 290-296], who provided partial solutions within the class of entire functions. The purpose of this work is to establish several new periodicity theorems that not only significantly improve the results of Qiong-Peichu and Liu, but also extend them to a much broader setting. Furthermore, we provide a series of illustrative examples to demonstrate the sharpness and validity of the hypotheses in our main results.
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math.CV 2026-06-22

α-convex functions characterized by differential inequality

by Víctor Bravo, Pablo Carrasco +2 more

A Characterization of α-Convex Functions with Sharp Coefficient and Schwarzian Estimates

The result extends convex-function theorems to give sharp β inclusions and Fekete-Szegő bounds.

Figure from the paper full image
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The class $M_\alpha$ of $\alpha$-convex functions, introduced by Mocanu in 1969, interpolates between starlike and convex functions. We prove a characterization of $M_\alpha$ that extends a theorem of Chuaqui, Duren, and Osgood from the convex case to the full class, and determine sharp values of $\beta$ for which $M_\alpha \subset C_\beta$ and $C_\beta \subset M_\alpha$. We also obtain a sharp Fekete--Szeg\H{o} inequality, bounds for the order and the Schwarzian norm, and an explicit formula for the Schwarzian norm of the $\alpha$-Koebe function for $\alpha = 1/n$, $n \in \mathbb{N}$, which we verify for $n \leq 9$ and conjecture to hold in general.
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math.CV 2026-06-22

Perturbed Laguerre polynomials have simple roots in angular sectors

by Julien Grivaux

On a multiplicative perturbation of Laguerre polynomials

For s greater than zero, P_n(s, z) has n distinct roots each confined to one of several explicit sectors.

Figure from the paper full image
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In this article, we study the family of polynomials \[ P_n(s, z)=\sum_{k=0}^n s^{(k)} z^{n-k} \] for $s>0$. We prove that its roots are simple, and provide a precise localisation of them in specific angular sectors.
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math.CV 2026-06-19

Convexity radius bound of 0.19191 for S convolved with St(1/2)

by Bappaditya Bhowmik, Souvik Biswas

Radius of convexity of certain classes of functions defined by convolution

The lower bound holds uniformly for the convolution of normalized univalent functions with starlike functions of order one-half.

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Let $\mathcal{S}$ be the class of analytic univalent functions defined in the open unit disc $\mathbb{D}$ of the complex plane with the normalizations $f(0)=0$ and $f'(0)=1$. For $A\in (1,2]$, let $Co(A)$ denote the class of concave univalent functions defined in $\mathbb{D}$ with the opening angle $\pi A$ at infinity. In this article, by applying certain convolution techniques, we investigate the radius of convexity for the class $Co(A)\ast\mathcal{S}t(1/2)$, where $\mathcal{S}t(1/2)\subsetneq \mathcal{S}$ denotes the class of starlike functions of order $1/2$. Furthermore, we establish that the radius of convexity of the class $\mathcal{S}\ast\mathcal{S}t(1/2)$ is at least $0.19191$ (approximately). Here, `$\ast$' denotes the convolution (or Hadamard product) of two classes of functions.
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math.CV 2026-06-19

Duality gives starlikeness radius for S convolutions with St(α)

by Bappaditya Bhowmik, Souvik Biswas

Radius of starlikeness of mathcal{S}ast mathcal {S}t(α)

The largest disk guaranteed to map to a starlike domain is found for every alpha in [0,1) via the duality method.

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Let $\mathcal{S}$ be the set of all analytic univalent functions $f$ defined in the open unit disc $\mathbb{D}$, with $f(0)=0=f'(0)-1$. For $\alpha\in[0,1)$, let $\mathcal{S}t(\alpha)$ be the set of all starlike functions of order $\alpha$ in $\mathcal{S}$. In this article, by applying duality technique we obtain the radius of a disc that is mapped onto a starlike domain with respect to the origin by the functions in the set $\mathcal{S}\ast \mathcal {S}t(\alpha):=\{f\ast g :f\in\mathcal{S},~g\in\mathcal{S}t(\alpha)\}$. Here, `$\ast$' denotes the convolution (or Hadamard product) of two analytic functions in $\mathbb{D}$.
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math.CV 2026-06-19

Lean 4 verifies uniqueness of Möbius maps on three points

by Fubin Yan, Kenneth W. Shum

Formalizing Extended Complex Numbers, Mobius Transformations, and Cross Ratio in Lean 4

Machine-checked proofs confirm that any three distinct points determine a unique Möbius transformation and that the cross ratio stays fixed.

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The extended complex plane is a fundamental object in complex analysis, hyperbolic geometry, and mathematical physics. Its geometry is governed by M\"obius transformations, with the cross ratio serving as a central invariant. We present a formalization of these concepts in the Lean4 theorem prover. The extended complex plane is represented using Mathlib's Option type over $\mathbb{C}$, where the additional element represents the point at infinity. On this foundation, we define M\"obius transformations, their action on the extended complex plane, and the cross ratio. We formalize several basic properties of M\"obius transformations, including their group structure, and identify them with a projective general linear group. We also prove the uniqueness of a M\"obius transformation mapping any three distinct points to any other three distinct points, and the invariance of the cross ratio. All proofs are machine-checked in Lean 4. The complete development comprises approximately 6,000 lines of Lean code, including about 40 definitions and 150 lemmas and theorems. This work provides a verified foundation for future formalizations of conformal geometry, hyperbolic models, modular forms, and applications in mathematical physics.
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math.CA 2026-06-19

Littlewood-Paley formula holds pointwise for vertical limits of Dirichlet series

by Viktor Andersson

The Littlewood-Paley formula and mean counting function for vertical limits of Dirichlet series

Ergodicity turns averaged identities into statements that apply to almost every vertical limit without extra convergence assumptions.

Figure from the paper full image
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We prove a Littlewood-Paley formula for the Hardy space of Dirichlet series $\mathscr{H}^p$ with $1\leq p<\infty$ in terms of almost every vertical limit function. This significantly strengthens previous results, which hold either only as an average over the vertical limit functions or under additional assumptions of uniform convergence. As part of our approach, we obtain a Hardy-Stein identity for the derivative of the $p$-mean of almost every vertical limit. We further show that the mean counting function exists for any $f$ in $\mathscr{H}^p$ in terms of almost all of its vertical limit functions. This is done by establishing a version of Jensen's formula in this setting. In the process, we also deduce ergodic versions of Fatou's lemma and the monotone and dominated convergence theorems for the Kronecker flow.
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math.DS 2026-06-19

Lifts of entire functions transfer inner functions from base to cover

by Eleni Betsakou

Inner functions associated to lifts of transcendental entire functions

When f lifts h, the associated inner function on U is obtained from the one on G via the covering map and Riemann maps, for invariant and wa

Figure from the paper full image
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Let $f$ be a transcendental entire function, $V$ be a simply connected Fatou component of $f,$ and $U$ be a Fatou component with $f(U)\subset V.$ There is a natural way to associate $f|_U$ to an inner function, namely a function $g_f:=\psi^{-1}\circ f\circ\varphi,$ where $\varphi:\mathbb{D}\to U$ and $\psi:\mathbb{D}\to V$ are Riemann maps. Inner functions have been used as a tool in the study of the iterates of transcendental entire, and more recently meromorphic, functions. However, there are only a few examples where associated inner functions have been calculated explicitly, with the case where $f$ has infinite degree in $U$ being the least well understood and more complicated. In this paper, we introduce a general method for calculating associated inner functions to a wide class of entire functions arising as `lifts'. In particular, if $f$ is a lift of a transcendental entire function $h,$ we show that an inner function associated to $f|_U$ can be obtained by relating it to an inner function associated to $h|_G,$ where $G$ is the Fatou component that lifts to $U.$ This result significantly generalises the main part of a theorem by Evdoridou, Rempe and Sixmith, and can be applied to several functions that have been studied so far. In both finite- and infinite-degree settings, the results hold for forward-invariant Fatou components as well as for wandering domains.
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math.DG 2026-06-19

Ricci form top power integrates finitely on positive-curvature Kähler manifolds

by Ved V. Datar, Vamsi P. Pingali +1 more

The top Yau--Yang conjecture for K\"ahler manifolds with positive sectional curvature

The result proves the top Yau-Yang conjecture and yields quasiprojectivity under bounded sectional curvature.

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We prove that the top wedge power of the Ricci form of a complete non-compact K\"ahler manifold with positive sectional curvature has finite integral. Using a result of Chen-Zhu, an immediate consequence is the quasiprojectivity of such manifolds under the assumption of bounded sectional curvature. A key new idea to prove B\'ezout estimates along with a Lipschitz weight with finite Monge-Amp\`ere mass is used in the proof of the main result.
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math.AP 2026-06-19

Global classical solutions exist for complex Hessian flows with subsolutions

by Haoyuan Sun

The Cauchy-Dirichlet Problem for Complex Hessian Flows: From A Priori Estimates to Pluripotential Theory

A priori estimates up to the boundary establish existence and uniqueness; pluripotential envelopes handle degenerate L^p cases on strictly m

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We study the Cauchy--Dirichlet problem for parabolic complex Hessian equations on Hermitian manifolds and on bounded strictly m-pseudoconvex domains. In the smooth setting, we prove global existence and uniqueness of classical solutions under the presence of an admissible parabolic subsolution, by establishing a priori estimates up to the parabolic boundary. The estimates combine parabolic boundary techniques for complex Hessian equations with interior second order estimates and a blow-up argument. We then develop a general pluripotential framework for degenerate right-hand sides with L^p densities, p>n/m, and bounded Cauchy--Dirichlet data. Since the usual automorphism and Walsh-type arguments do not directly apply in a variable Hermitian background, we use approximation by smooth data, balayage, parabolic Perron envelopes, and a continuous obstacle approximation based on Harvey--Lawson--Plis subequation theory. The resulting solution is continuous for positive time, locally uniformly Lipschitz and semi-concave in time, and continuous up to the initial slice when the initial datum is continuous. We also prove a parabolic comparison principle via time regularization, Riemann sum approximations, and mixed Hessian inequalities.
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math.AP 2026-06-18

Formulas for Dirac system on quarter-plane derived and verified

by Hassan Babaei, Jerry L. Bona +1 more

Rigorous analysis for the Dirac system on the quarter-plane

Integral representations obtained via Fokas method and justified by complex analysis yield boundary traces, asymptotics and periodicity.

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Considered and analyzed below are fully non-homogeneous initial-boundary-value problems for the celebrated Dirac system, formulated on the spatial half-line. Analytical solution formulae are derived formally via suitable implementation of the well-known Fokas' unified transform methodology, and rigorously verified a posteriori. The latter substantial task relies on complex-analytic tools and careful interpretation of the obtained integral representations. These valid solutions are then used for investigating qualitative properties. These include boundary behavior near the axes of the domain as well as long-range asymptotics and long-time (eventual) periodicity. Notably, smoothness of the solution, both within and upto the boundary of the domain, depends heavily on certain compatibility conditions between initial, boundary and forcing data. Further results pertaining to solution's regularity and uniqueness are thence established based on the qualitative theory. The closed-form expressions reported here are also useful in the study of non-linear counterparts.
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math.DS 2026-06-18

Parabolic inner functions carry ergodic flows on Lavaurs laminations

by Oleg Ivrii

Dynamics of simply parabolic inner functions

Finite Lyapunov exponent yields ergodicity and Cesàro orbit counting; one-component case upgrades to mixing and full counting.

Figure from the paper full image
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We study the dynamics of Polya-Szeg\"o inner functions and discuss some of their basic properties such as equivalent conditions for simple and double parabolicity. We show that a simply parabolic Polya-Szeg\"o inner function admits forward and backward quotient half-cylinders, which allows one to enrich its dynamics with a Lavaurs map. To proceed, we restrict our attention to simply parabolic inner functions with finite Lyapunov exponent: $\int_{\mathbb{R}} \log |F'| d\ell < \infty$. We define a geodesic flow on the Riemann surface lamination associated to the Lavaurs semigroup and show that it is ergodic. As an application, we establish the Orbit Counting Theorem up to a Ces\`aro average for Lavaurs semigroups. If we additionally assume that $F$ is a parabolic one component inner function, then the geodesic flow is mixing and the full Orbit Counting Theorem holds.
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math.AG 2026-06-18

Tensors on Sasaki products fixed by Reeb flows

by Vlad Marchidanu

Holomorphic tensors on products of algebraic cones

Algebraic cone quotients yield invariance under contractions; an explicit embedding transfers it to show Reeb preservation for dimensions at

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We study the product $C$ of two algebraic cones equipped with algebraic structures given by contractions. First we show that any holomorphic tensor on a quotient of $C$ by a group containing a contraction on both factors is invariant under the Zariski closure of this contraction when the factors have dimension $\geq 2$. We then give an explicit embedding of the cone of a Sasaki manifold to a normal variety. Using it and the result on algebraic cones, we prove that any holomorphic tensor on the product of two Sasaki manifolds is invariant under the flows of the Reeb fields.
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math.CV 2026-06-18

Shortest paths in polynomial sublevel sets grow like sqrt(log n)

by Venkata Siddharth Pendyala

Shortest paths in polynomial lemniscate sublevel sets and a problem of ErdH{o}s

This shows that S(n), the worst-case shortest path inside |f|≤1, is unbounded and at least order sqrt(log n) for large degree n.

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Let $f(z)=\prod_{j=1}^{n}(z-a_j)$ be monic, with all zeros in the closed unit disk, and put $E_f=\{z\in\mathbb{C}: |z|\leq 1,\ |f(z)|\leq 1\}$. Let $S(n)$ be the largest possible shortest length of a path in $E_f$ joining $0$ to $\partial\mathbb{D}$, where the maximum is taken over all such polynomials of degree $n$. We prove that, for all sufficiently large $n$, $c\sqrt{\log n}\leq S(n)\leq \pi n$ with an absolute constant $c>0$. This proves the qualitative unboundedness predicted by Erd\H{o}s. The proof combines an explicit geometric maze, Green-function and Faber-polynomial estimates, analytic quantization of circle measures, and a reciprocal-sweeping upper bound.
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math.CV 2026-06-18

Special harmonic mappings bound pre-Schwarzian norm sharply

by Sushil Pandit

On the pre-Schwarzian norm estimate of special close-to-convex harmonic mappings

The sharp estimate applies when the analytic part takes a restricted form, accompanied by growth and distortion results for the parts.

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In this article, we consider a class of close-to-convex harmonic mappings with special analytic part in the unit disk $\mathbb{D}=\{z\in\mathbb{C}:|z|<1\}$ and obtain sharp pre-Schwarzian norm estimate. We study the theory of harmonic Bloch mapping for the considered class. Moreover, we discuss some growth and distortion theorems for analytic and co-analytic parts of such harmonic mappings.
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math.CV 2026-06-18

Harmonic mappings in unit disk obey pre-Schwarzian bound and are univalent

by Sushil Pandit

Pre-Schwarzian norm estimate and characterization of certain harmonic mappings

Class defined by one condition yields norm estimates plus univalence, close-to-convexity, and distortion results for analytic and co-analyti

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In this article, we consider certain class of harmonic mappings defined in the unit disk $\mathbb{D}=\{z\in\mathbb{C}: |z|<1\}.$ Then we obtain pre-Schwarzian norm estimate of functions in the class. Next, we show that functions in the considered class are univalent and close-to-convex. Moreover, we discuss some growth and distortion theorems for associated analytic and co-analytic parts of harmonic mappings in the class. At last, we present coefficient estimate for the analytic part.
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math.AG 2026-06-18

Rescaling by unit complex numbers preserves isomonodromicity iff holomorphic

by Tianzhi Hu, Ruiran Sun +2 more

Isomonodromic deformations, mathbb C^*-actions, and characterization of non-abelian Noether-Lefschetz loci on Dolbeault moduli spaces

The equivalence identifies non-abelian Noether-Lefschetz loci as the maximal complex subvarieties where the Higgs family becomes holomorphic

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Let $f:X\to S$ be a smooth proper family of smooth projective varieties, and let $\sigma_{\mathrm{Dol}}:\,S \to M_{\mathrm{Dol}}(X/S)$ be the real analytic family of Higgs bundles obtained from an isomonodromic deformation via the relative non-abelian Hodge correspondence. We study the interaction between isomonodromic deformation and the natural $\mathbb C^*$-action on Dolbeault moduli spaces. For $\lambda\in S^1$, we prove that, on any complex analytic subvariety $U\subset S$, the rescaled family $\lambda\cdot\sigma_{\mathrm{Dol}}|_U$ is again isomonodromic if $\sigma_{\mathrm{Dol}}|_U$ is holomorphic. Conversely, we prove that $\sigma_{\mathrm{Dol}}|_U$ must be holomorphic if there exists $\lambda\in S^1\backslash\{\pm 1\}$ such that $\lambda\cdot\sigma_{\mathrm{Dol}}|_U$ is isomonodromic. The proof is based on the study of real analytic deformations of Higgs bundles and the variation of harmonic metrics. As an application, we give a simplified proof of a local characterization of Simpson's non-abelian Noether--Lefschetz locus firstly proved in \cite[Theorem 1.2]{HSJZ}. Namely, if the initial local system underlies a polarized complex variation of Hodge structures, then the non-abelian Noether--Lefschetz locus is precisely the maximal complex analytic subvariety of $S$ on which the real analytic section $\sigma_{\mathrm{Dol}}$ becomes holomorphic. This gives an affirmative answer to a question of Esnault and Kerz.
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math.DG 2026-06-18

Curvature bounds spectrum bottom on noncompact Kähler manifolds

by Ye-Won Luke Cho, Young-Jun Choi

Bottom of the spectrum of complete noncompact K\"{a}hler manifolds

Survey gives upper bounds and rigidity results for the Hodge Laplacian under Ricci and bisectional assumptions.

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We present a survey on the bottom of the spectrum of the Hodge Laplacian on complete noncompact K\"ahler manifolds, with particular emphasis on K\"ahler hyperbolic manifolds and bounded symmetric domains. We also discuss theorems regarding the upper bounds for the bottom of the spectrum under Ricci and bisectional curvature assumptions, along with rigidity results for manifolds attaining the maximal bottom of the spectrum. Throughout the article, we propose several open problems.
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math.CV 2026-06-18

Heat kernel asymptotics established near boundary for complex manifolds

by Chin-Yu Hsiao, George Marinescu +1 more

Semi-classical heat kernel asymptotics on complex manifolds with boundary

The expansion as the twisting parameter k grows large yields proofs of Morse inequalities and a semiclassical Weyl law.

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Let $M$ be a relatively compact open subset of a complex manifold $M'$ with smooth boundary $X$ and let $L$ be a holomorphic line bundle over $M'$. Assuming that condition $Z(q)$ holds, we establish the semi-classical asymptotic behavior of $e^{-\frac{t}{k}\Box^{q}_k}$ near the boundary $X$ as $k\to\infty$, where $\Box^{q}_k$ is the $\bar{\partial}$-Neumann Laplacian acting on $(0,q)$-forms on $M$ with values in $L^k$. Our results extend the seminal work of Bismut to complex manifolds with boundary. As applications of our results, we provide a heat kernel-based proof of the holomorphic Morse inequalities for complex manifolds with boundary and derive a semi-classical Weyl law for the $\bar{\partial}$-Neumann Laplacian.
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math.CV 2026-06-18

Total space Kähler near fiber iff flat sections lift to (1,1) type

by Jian Chen

Kahler structure of the total space near a Kahler fiber

An equivalent characterization gives the precise condition for holomorphic submersions of compact complex manifolds.

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Motivated by the Kodaira-Spencer local stability theorem for Kahler structures and by C. Li's study of Kahler structures on holomorphic submersions between compact complex manifolds, we establish an equivalent characterization of the Kahlerness of the total space near a Kahler fiber, in an optimal manner. The proof combines a (1,1)-type lifting argument for flat sections of a local system, observations on torsion-freeness and a Kahler neighborhood criterion for compact Kahler submanifolds.
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math.CV 2026-06-17

Vanishing second-order term detects local sphericity in C^3

by Venkata Siddharth Pendyala

The Fefferman-SzegH{o} Sphericity Criterion in Complex Dimension Three

The Fefferman-Szegő metric determinant expansion gives an equivalent criterion for CR sphericity via its link to squared Chern-Moser curvatu

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We establish a Fefferman-Szeg\H{o} characterization of local CR sphericity for smoothly bounded strongly pseudoconvex domains in complex dimension three. We derive the boundary expansion of the normalized determinant of the Fefferman-Szeg\H{o} metric and prove that its second-order coefficient is a universal multiple of the squared Chern-Moser curvature. Hence, vanishing of the second-order deviation from the ball model is equivalent to local sphericity. A logarithmic stability theorem for the associated Monge-Amp\`ere determinant controls the remainder and completes the dimension-three case.
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math.CV 2026-06-17

Real-linear substitutions absorb into Beltrami-Vekua gauge orbit

by Daniel Alayón-Solarz

The Absorption Theorem for the Beltrami-Vekua Normal Form

Re-normalizing after any invertible real-linear recombination of unknowns recovers the original equation with an explicit complex gauge.

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The Beltrami-Vekua normal form assigns to every smooth first-order real planar elliptic system a complex equation $w_{\bar z}-\mu w_z+\mathcal{A}w+\mathcal{B}\bar w=\mathcal{F}$ by an explicit pipeline. A companion paper showed that the density $\Theta=|\mathcal{B}|^2/(1-|\mu|^2)\,dx\,dy$ and its total mass are invariants under multiplicative gauges $w\mapsto\phi w$ and orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms. The real system carries a larger symmetry: its unknowns may be recombined by any pointwise invertible real-linear substitution $w=\varphi v'+\psi\bar v'$, the complex gauges being the case $\psi\equiv0$. We prove the absorption theorem: re-normalizing through the pipeline after any such substitution returns to the gauge orbit of the original equation, with a universal explicit gauge $\tilde\varphi=-i\lambda/(\varphi-\psi)$, where $\lambda$ is the spectral root of the structure polynomial.
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math.CV 2026-06-17

Sharp bound set for third-order Toeplitz determinant

by Surya Giri

Third-Order Toeplitz Determinant for a Subclass of Starlike Mappings in Higher Dimensions

The bound is attained on the unit ball in complex Banach spaces and on bounded starlike circular domains in C^n.

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The manuscript establishes sharp bound of the third-order Toeplitz determinant for a subclass of starlike mappings defined on the unit ball in a complex Banach space and on bounded starlike circular domains in $\mathbb{C}^n.$
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math.CV 2026-06-17

Arithmetic progressions in coefficients block fast uniqueness sequences

by Nazar Miheisi, Daniel Seco

Uniqueness sets for functions of Dirichlet-type with restricted Taylor coefficients

Long runs in N rule out rapid boundary Lambda; sparse N permit arbitrary speed in D_alpha spaces.

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Let $H$ be a reproducing kernel Hilbert space over the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$, where analytic monomials span a dense subset. Given $\mathcal{N} \subseteq\mathbb{Z}_+$ and $\Lambda \subseteq \mathbb{D}$ we say that $(\Lambda,\mathcal{N})$ is a uniqueness pair for $H$ if $\Lambda$ is a uniqueness set for the subspace of $H$ spanned by $\{z^n:\;n\in\mathcal{N}\}$. We examine uniqueness pairs in the Dirichlet-type spaces $\mathbb{D}_\alpha$, $0\leq\alpha\leq1$. We prove two complementary results. First, if $\mathcal{N}$ contains sufficiently long finite arithmetic progressions with fixed gap size, then no sequence $\Lambda$ tending sufficiently rapidly to the boundary forms a uniqueness pair with $\mathcal{N}$. Second, if $\mathcal{N}$ satisfies a suitable arithmetic sparsity condition then one can construct uniqueness pairs $(\Lambda,\mathcal{N})$ with the points of $\Lambda$ tending to the boundary arbitrarily fast.
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math.CV 2026-06-16

Zeros of g accumulate along Stokes rays for Cauchy kernel sums

by Vladimir Shemyakov

Second-Order Differential Equations and Sums of Squares of Cauchy Kernels with Finitely Many Zeros

Meromorphic functions as P/g² with finite zeros correspond to entire solutions of second-order DEs whose zeros follow Stokes rays.

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We study finite-order meromorphic functions representable as absolutely convergent sums of squares of Cauchy kernels and having only finitely many zeros. By earlier work of Baranov and the author, such functions admit a representation $f=P/g^2$, where $P$ is a polynomial and $g$ is entire, satisfying the differential equation $ Pg''-P'g'+Qg=0, $ where $Q$ is a polynomial. We show that the zeros of $g$ asymptotically accumulate along the Stokes rays. If $\mathrm{deg}\ Q>\mathrm{deg}\ P$, they approach these rays in the Euclidean metric, whereas in the borderline case $\mathrm{deg}\ Q=\mathrm{deg}\ P$ one obtains in general only localization in logarithmic neighborhoods of the Stokes rays, and this is sharp. We then characterize the existence of a decomposition $ P/g^2=\sum c_n (z-t_n)^{-2} $ in terms of the sectorial behavior of $g$ and, equivalently, in terms of the Laine condition for the corresponding Schwarzian equation. Finally, for fixed $P$ and fixed order, we identify the resulting families, modulo the natural equivalence relation, with finite-dimensional affine algebraic varieties.
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math.CV 2026-06-16

Dyadic capacity decides Bloch and Qp Carleson measures

by Bingyang Hu, Xiaojing Zhou

On the Bloch and mathcal Q_p--Carleson measure problems

Boundedness and compactness of the embeddings to L2(mu) are equivalent to finiteness or vanishing of the associated capacity.

Figure from the paper full image
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In this paper, we study the Bloch and $\mathcal Q_p$--Carleson measure problems on the unit disc $\mathbb D$. In the Bloch case, for a positive Borel measure $\mu$ on $\mathbb D$, we give a complete characterization of the boundedness and compactness of the embedding $$ \operatorname{id}:\mathcal B \longrightarrow L^2(\mu) $$ in terms of the Bloch capacity $\mathfrak B_{\mathcal R}(\mu)$ associated with an admissible dyadic resolution $\mathcal R$ of $\mathbb D$. The proof is based on the Bergman projection representation of Bloch functions, conditional expectations on admissible dyadic resolutions, and a finite-dimensional semidefinite programming argument. We also adapt this dyadic framework to the more general $\mathcal Q_p$--Carleson measure problem and obtain a corresponding complete boundedness and compactness characterization for $$ \operatorname{id}:\mathcal Q_p \longrightarrow L^2(\mu), \qquad 0<p\le1. $$ This work further develops the dyadic approach introduced in our recent work on composition operators on $\mathcal Q_p$ spaces, but in a different setting where the embedding involves recovering function values from derivative information.
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math.CV 2026-06-15

Harmonic sections force 1-convexity of ball bundles over genus >=2 surfaces

by Masanori Adachi, Seungjae Lee +1 more

Intermediate Pseudoconvexity of Fiber Bundles

The bundle is 1-convex and its complement n-convex precisely when such a section with a regular point exists.

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In this paper, we investigate the pseudoconvexity of locally trivial holomorphic ball bundles over compact Riemann surfaces of genus $\geq 2$, as well as the intermediate pseudoconvexity of their complements in the associated projective space bundles. Inspired by Brunella's work, we prove that any such ball bundle is $1$-convex, while its complement is $n$-convex, where $n$ denotes the dimension of the ball fiber, provided that the bundle admits a harmonic section with a regular point.
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