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Equation of state of imbalanced cold matter from chiral perturbation theory

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arxiv 1602.01317 v2 pith:MYWWQQDU submitted 2016-02-03 hep-ph astro-ph.HEcond-mat.quant-gashep-lat

Equation of state of imbalanced cold matter from chiral perturbation theory

classification hep-ph astro-ph.HEcond-mat.quant-gashep-lat
keywords densitystatechemicalchiralenergypotentialcondensedequation
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We study the thermodynamic properties of matter at vanishing temperature for non-extreme values of the isospin chemical potential and of the strange quark chemical potential. From the leading order pressure obtained by maximizing the static chiral Lagrangian density we derive a simple expression for the equation of state in the pion condensed phase and in the kaon condensed phase. We find an analytical expression for the maximum of the ratio between the energy density and the Stefan-Boltzmann energy density as well as for the isospin chemical potential at the peak both in good agreement with lattice simulations of quantum chromodynamics. We speculate on the location of the crossover from the Bose-Einstein condensate state to the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer state by a simple analysis of the thermodynamic properties of the system. For $\mu_I \gtrsim 2 m_\pi$ the leading order chiral perturbation theory breaks down; as an example it underestimates the energy density of the system and leads to a wrong asymptotic behavior.

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    Leading order chiral perturbation theory yields the minimal energy condition for vortex nucleation in the pion condensed phase, with vortices carrying quantized angular momentum and self-confining pions.