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Data-Driven Modeling of Electron Recoil Nucleation in PICO C₃F₈ Bubble Chambers

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arxiv 1905.12522 v4 pith:IAFKONA3 submitted 2019-05-29 physics.ins-det astro-ph.COhep-exhep-ph

Data-Driven Modeling of Electron Recoil Nucleation in PICO C₃F₈ Bubble Chambers

classification physics.ins-det astro-ph.COhep-exhep-ph
keywords electronbubblenucleationpicorecoilrecoilswimpchamber
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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The primary advantage of moderately superheated bubble chamber detectors is their simultaneous sensitivity to nuclear recoils from WIMP dark matter and insensitivity to electron recoil backgrounds. A comprehensive analysis of PICO gamma calibration data demonstrates for the first time that electron recoils in C$_3$F$_8$ scale in accordance with a new nucleation mechanism, rather than one driven by a hot-spike as previously supposed. Using this semi-empirical model, bubble chamber nucleation thresholds may be tuned to be sensitive to lower energy nuclear recoils while maintaining excellent electron recoil rejection. The PICO-40L detector will exploit this model to achieve thermodynamic thresholds as low as 2.8 keV while being dominated by single-scatter events from coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering of solar neutrinos. In one year of operation, PICO-40L can improve existing leading limits from PICO on spin-dependent WIMP-proton coupling by nearly an order of magnitude for WIMP masses greater than 3 GeV c$^{-2}$ and will have the ability to surpass all existing non-xenon bounds on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon coupling for WIMP masses from 3 to 40 GeV c$^{-2}$.

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