Supersymmetry - When Theory Inspires Experimental Searches

We review, in the first part of this work, many pioneering works on supersymmetry and organize these results to show how supersymmetric quantum field theories arise from spin-statistics, N{\oe}ther and a series of no-go theorems. We then introduce the so-called superspace formalism dedicated to the natural construction of supersymmetric Lagrangians and detail the most popular mechanisms leading to soft supersymmetry breaking. As an application, we describe the building of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model and investigate current experimental limits on the parameter space of its most constrained versions. To this aim, we use various flavor, electroweak precision, cosmology and collider data. We then perform several phenomenological excursions beyond this minimal setup and probe effects due to non-minimal flavor violation in the squark sector, revisiting various constraints arising from indirect searches for superpartners. Next, we use several interfaced high-energy physics tools, including the FeynRules package and its UFO interface that we describe in detail, to study the phenomenology of two non- minimal supersymmetric models at the Large Hadron Collider. We estimate the sensitivity of this machine to monotop production in R-parity violating supersymmetry and sgluon-induced multitop production in R-symmetric supersymmetry. We then generalize the results to new physics scenarios designed from a bottom-up strategy and finally depict, from a theorist point of view, a search for monotops at the Tevatron motivated by these findings.