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arxiv: 1502.05792 · v2 · pith:3YJAVKJMnew · submitted 2015-02-20 · 🌌 astro-ph.HE · astro-ph.GA· gr-qc

"Circularization" vs. Accretion -- What Powers Tidal Disruption Events?

classification 🌌 astro-ph.HE astro-ph.GAgr-qc
keywords circularizationaccretionblackenergyholescaleamountcitep
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A tidal disruption event (TDE) takes place when a star passes near enough to a massive black hole to be disrupted. About half the star's matter is given elliptical trajectories with large apocenter distances, the other half is unbound. To "circularize", i.e., to form an accretion flow, the bound matter must lose a significant amount of energy, with the actual amount depending on the characteristic scale of the flow measured in units of the black hole's gravitational radius ($\sim 10^{51} (R/1000R_g)^{-1}$~erg). Recent numerical simulations \citep{Shiokawa+2015} have revealed that the circularization scale is close to the scale of the most-bound initial orbits, $\sim 10^3 M_{BH,6.5}^{-2/3} R_g \sim 10^{15} M_{BH,6.5}^{1/3}$~cm from the black hole, and the corresponding circularization energy dissipation rate is $\sim 10^{44} M_{BH,6.5}^{-1/6}$~erg/s. We suggest that the energy liberated during circularization, rather then energy liberated by accretion onto the black hole, powers the observed optical TDE candidates. The observed rise times, luminosities, temperatures, emission radii, and line widths seen in these TDEs \citep[e.g.][]{Arcavi+2014} are all more readily explained in terms of heating associated with circularization than in terms of accretion.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. TDEs on FIRE: Illuminating the Cosmic Evolution of Tidal Disruption Rates

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    FIRE-2 simulations show per-galaxy tidal disruption rates peak near z=2.5 at 4e-4 per year, correlate with SFR and central density, and remain high in satellite galaxies at early times.

  2. Are most detected tidal disruption events partial?

    astro-ph.HE 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    SPH simulations of zero-energy partial TDEs find fallback ~t^{-9/4}, optical luminosities 10^{42-44} erg/s at 10^4 K and radii 10-100 au, indicating many detected TDEs may be partial rather than full.

  3. Bolometric correction factor and radiative efficiency for the super-Eddington accretion flow in tidal disruption events

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    Radiation hydro simulations produce black hole mass and viewing angle dependent bolometric correction factors (tens to thousands) and radiative efficiencies (0.001-0.1) for super-Eddington TDE flows that alleviate the...

  4. Simulations of interaction between outflow and surrounding broken power-law circumnuclear medium: implications for different radio light curves of TDEs

    astro-ph.HE 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

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