REVIEW 1 major objections 30 references
Groups that are products of two dihedral subgroups admit a complete classification.
Reviewed by Pith at T0; open to challenge. T0 means a machine referee read the full paper against a public rubric. the ladder, T0–T4 →
T0 review · grok-4.3
2026-07-02 00:22 UTC pith:6IXNMDXM
load-bearing objection The abstract defines bidihedral groups as products of two dihedral subgroups and claims a complete classification, but supplies zero evidence, examples, or references to assess it. the 1 major comments →
The classification of Bidihedral Groups
The pith
A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.
Core claim
A group is bidihedral when it equals the product of two dihedral subgroups, and every bidihedral group belongs to one of the isomorphism types enumerated in the classification.
What carries the argument
The bidihedral group, defined as the product of two dihedral subgroups, which is the object for which a complete list of isomorphism types is supplied.
Load-bearing premise
That the collection of all groups formed by multiplying two dihedral subgroups can be listed exhaustively without extra conditions on the subgroups or the ambient group.
What would settle it
The explicit construction of a bidihedral group whose isomorphism type is absent from the listed classes would show the classification is incomplete.
If this is right
- Every bidihedral group possesses an explicit description in terms of its two dihedral factors.
- The classification applies uniformly, with no bidihedral groups left outside the listed types.
- The product construction yields only the groups that appear in the finite list of classes.
Where Pith is reading between the lines
- Similar product constructions using other families of subgroups could be examined for comparable complete lists.
- The result supplies a concrete test for whether a given group generated by two dihedral subgroups fits inside the enumerated classes.
Editorial analysis
A structured set of objections, weighed in public.
Referee Report
Summary. The paper defines a bidihedral group as one expressible as a product of two dihedral subgroups and claims to give a complete classification of all such groups.
Significance. A correct and complete classification of groups that arise as products of two dihedral subgroups would constitute a notable contribution to finite group theory by delineating a new family of groups. However, because the manuscript consists solely of the abstract and supplies neither the classification itself, any list of groups, nor a proof, the significance cannot be assessed.
major comments (1)
- [Abstract] Abstract: the central claim of a 'complete classification' is stated without any supporting derivation, explicit list of groups, or verification steps, so the claim cannot be evaluated for correctness or completeness.
Simulated Author's Rebuttal
We thank the referee for their report. The central issue identified is that the abstract makes a claim of complete classification without any supporting material, preventing evaluation. We respond to this point below.
read point-by-point responses
-
Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: the central claim of a 'complete classification' is stated without any supporting derivation, explicit list of groups, or verification steps, so the claim cannot be evaluated for correctness or completeness.
Authors: The manuscript as provided consists solely of the abstract, which states the definition of bidihedral groups and asserts a complete classification without including any explicit list of groups, derivations, or proofs. We agree that this prevents evaluation of the claim's correctness or completeness. In the revised manuscript we will incorporate the full classification together with the necessary supporting arguments and verifications. revision: yes
- The actual classification, list of groups, and proofs are absent from the manuscript, so their correctness cannot be demonstrated or defended in this response.
Circularity Check
No circularity detectable from abstract
full rationale
Only the abstract is available, which defines bidihedral groups as products of two dihedral subgroups and states that a complete classification is given. No equations, derivations, parameters, self-citations, or load-bearing steps appear. Per hard rules, circularity requires explicit quotes showing reduction by construction; none exist here. The paper is self-contained against external benchmarks at the level of the given text, yielding score 0.
Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger
read the original abstract
A group is called bidihedral if it can be expressed as a product of two dihedral subgroups. In this paper, a complete classification for all bidihedral groups is given.
Reference graph
Works this paper leans on
-
[1]
A. L. Agore, C. G. Bontea and G. Militaru, Classifying bicrossed products of Hopf algebras,Algebr. Represent. Theory17(2014), 227–264
2014
-
[2]
A. L. Agore, A. Chirvˇ asitu, B. Ion and G. Militaru, Bicrossed products for finite groups,Algebr. Represent. Theory12(2009), no. 2–5, 481–488
2009
-
[3]
Burness and C
T. Burness and C. H. Li, On solvable factors of almost simple groups,Adv. Math.377(2021), 107499
2021
-
[4]
Conder, R
M. Conder, R. Jajcay and T. Tucker, Cyclic complements and skew morphisms of groups,J. Algebra 453(2016), 68–100
2016
-
[5]
Douglas, On the supersolvability of bicyclic groups,Proc
J. Douglas, On the supersolvability of bicyclic groups,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA47(1961), 1493– 1495
1961
-
[6]
S. F. Du, W. J. Luo and H. Yu, The product of a generalized quaternion group and a cyclic group, J. Aust. Math. Soc.118(2025), 31–64. 10
2025
-
[7]
The GAP Group,GAP – Groups, Algorithms, and Programming, Version 4.15.1, 2025,https: //www.gap-system.org
2025
-
[8]
Hering, M
C. Hering, M. W. Liebeck and J. Saxl, The factorizations of the finite exceptional groups of Lie type, J. Algebra106(1987), 517–527
1987
-
[9]
K. Hu, I. Kov´ acs and Y. S. Kwon, On exact products of a cyclic group and a dihedral group, Commun. Algebra53(2025), no. 2, 854–874
2025
-
[10]
Hu and H
K. Hu and H. Yu, On exact products of two dihedral groups,Commun. Algebra53(2025), no. 10, 4206–4214
2025
-
[11]
Hulpke, Constructing transitive permutation groups,J
A. Hulpke, Constructing transitive permutation groups,J. Symbolic Comput.39(2005), 1–30
2005
-
[12]
Huppert,Endliche Gruppen
B. Huppert,Endliche Gruppen. I, Grundlehren Math. Wiss. 134, Springer, Berlin, 1967
1967
-
[13]
Itˆ o,¨Uber das Produkt von zwei abelschen Gruppen,Math
N. Itˆ o,¨Uber das Produkt von zwei abelschen Gruppen,Math. Z.62(1955), 400–401
1955
-
[14]
Jajcay and J
R. Jajcay and J. ˇSir´ aˇ n, Skew-morphisms of regular Cayley maps,Discrete Math.244(2002), 167– 179
2002
-
[15]
Janko, Finite 2-groups with exactly one nonmetacyclic maximal subgroup,Israel J
Z. Janko, Finite 2-groups with exactly one nonmetacyclic maximal subgroup,Israel J. Math.166 (2008), 313–347
2008
-
[16]
G. A. Jones, Cyclic regular subgroups of primitive permutation groups,J. Group Theory5(2002), no. 4, 403–407
2002
-
[17]
G. A. Jones, Regular embeddings of complete bipartite graphs: classification and enumeration,Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3)101(2010), no. 2, 427–453
2010
-
[18]
O. H. Kegel, Produkte nilpotenter Gruppen,Arch. Math. (Basel)12(1961), 90–93
1961
-
[19]
J. H. Kwak and Y. S. Kwon, Unoriented Cayley maps,Studia Sci. Math. Hungar.43(2006), no. 2, 137–157
2006
-
[20]
C. H. Li, L. Wang and B. Z. Xia, The exact factorizations of almost simple groups,J. Lond. Math. Soc.108(2023), 1417–1447
2023
-
[21]
M. W. Liebeck, C. E. Praeger and J. Saxl, On factorizations of almost simple groups,J. Algebra 185(1996), 409–419
1996
-
[22]
M. W. Liebeck, C. E. Praeger and J. Saxl,Regular subgroups of primitive permutation groups, Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 203 (952), American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2010
2010
-
[23]
Lucchini, On the order of transitive permutation groups with cyclic point-stabilizer,Atti Accad
A. Lucchini, On the order of transitive permutation groups with cyclic point-stabilizer,Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei Rend. Lincei Mat. Appl.9(1998), no. 4, 241–243
1998
-
[24]
V. S. Monakhov, The product of two groups, one of which contains a cyclic subgroup of index≤2, Math. Notes Acad. Sci. USSR16(1974), no. 2, 757–762
1974
-
[25]
M. F. Newman and M. Y. Xu, Metacyclic groups of prime-power order (Research announcement), Adv. Math. (China)17(1988), 106–107
1988
-
[26]
Ore, Structures and group theory
O. Ore, Structures and group theory. I,Duke Math. J.3(1937), no. 2, 149–174
1937
-
[27]
Wielandt, ¨Uber das Produkt paarweise vertauschbarer nilpotenter Gruppen,Math
H. Wielandt, ¨Uber das Produkt paarweise vertauschbarer nilpotenter Gruppen,Math. Z.55(1951), 1–7
1951
-
[28]
Xia, Quasiprimitive groups containing a transitive alternating group,J
B. Xia, Quasiprimitive groups containing a transitive alternating group,J. Algebra490(2017), 555–567
2017
-
[29]
M. Y. Xu and Q. H. Zhang, A classification of metacyclic 2-groups,Algebra Colloq.13(2006), 25–34
2006
-
[30]
Yu, Regular generalized Cayley maps of elementary abelianp-groups,Graphs Combin.41(2025), no
H. Yu, Regular generalized Cayley maps of elementary abelianp-groups,Graphs Combin.41(2025), no. 5, Article 100. Email address: Hao Yu: haoyu@gxu.edu.cn Zeng PengChong: 2406301059@st.gxu.edu.cn 11
2025
discussion (0)
Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.