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Bounds on Lorentz invariance violation from muon fluctuations at the Pierre Auger Observatory
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arxiv 2602.14720 v3 pith:33FH3TC2 submitted 2026-02-16 astro-ph.HE gr-qchep-ph
Bounds on Lorentz invariance violation from muon fluctuations at the Pierre Auger Observatory
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Quantum gravity theories often modify spacetime symmetries. In particular, Lorentz invariance may be violated when approaching the Planck scale. Although the scales at which interactions occur in extensive air showers induced by ultra-high-energy cosmic rays in the atmosphere are many orders of magnitude below the Planck scale, these violations might still be observable. In this work, the fluctuations in the number of muons in the extensive air showers measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory are exploited, for the first time, to constrain Lorentz invariance violations. The bounds derived in the hadronic sector are the strongest ever obtained, and do not rely on assumptions about the mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. The fluctuations in the number of muons constitute a new and powerful observable to further explore Lorentz invariance in a region of the parameter space not accessible to other observables.
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Wick-connected theories and Lorentz violation
hep-th 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0
Without Lorentz invariance, double Wick rotations connect inequivalent field theories in flat spacetime, with criteria for when propagating modes, unitarity, and renormalizability fail to translate.
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