Pith. sign in

REVIEW 1 minor 8 cited by

CMS measures the W boson mass as 80360.2 ± 9.9 MeV using 2016 LHC data, matching the standard model prediction.

Reviewed by Pith at T0; open to challenge. T0 means a machine referee read the full paper against a public rubric. the ladder, T0–T4 →

Challenge this review Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗

T0 review · grok-4.3

2026-05-23 07:18 UTC

load-bearing objection CMS reports a new W mass of 80360.2 ± 9.9 MeV from 2016 13 TeV data that agrees with the SM prediction and counters the CDF tension.

arxiv 2412.13872 v2 submitted 2024-12-18 hep-ex

High-precision measurement of the W boson mass with the CMS experiment

CMS Collaboration This is my paper
classification hep-ex
keywords W boson massCMS experimentLHCelectroweak precisionmuon kinematicsstandard model testW to muon decay
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper presents a high-precision determination of the W boson mass from proton-proton collisions recorded by the CMS detector. It uses a large sample of W to muon neutrino decays and applies a detailed maximum likelihood fit to the muons' kinematic distributions. The analysis incorporates precise modeling of experimental effects and in situ constraints on theoretical inputs to reach an uncertainty of 9.9 MeV. This precision matches the level required to test the standard model's unique relation between the W and Z masses. The measured value agrees with the prediction from global electroweak fits, providing a check on possible quantum effects from undiscovered heavy particles.

Core claim

The central claim is a measured W boson mass of 80360.2 ± 9.9 MeV obtained from a high-granularity maximum likelihood fit to muon kinematic properties in W decays, combined with accurate experimental calibration and in situ theoretical constraints, and found to agree with the standard model expectation.

What carries the argument

High-granularity maximum likelihood fit to the kinematic properties of muons from W decays, with in situ constraints on theoretical inputs and accurate determination of detector effects.

Load-bearing premise

The fit to muon kinematics determines the W mass without significant unaccounted biases from detector effects or modeling choices.

What would settle it

An independent reanalysis or future measurement yielding a W mass value outside the 9.9 MeV uncertainty range around 80360.2 MeV would contradict the central result.

Watch this falsifier — get emailed when new claim-graph text bears on it.

If this is right

  • The result tests the standard model relation between W and Z boson masses at a precision comparable to global electroweak fits.
  • Agreement with the predicted value limits possible modifications from quantum loops involving undiscovered heavy particles.
  • The measurement supplies an independent cross-check on the recent CDF result that differed from the global fit prediction.
  • It demonstrates that LHC data can achieve the experimental precision needed for sensitive electroweak tests.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The technique could be extended to larger datasets from later LHC runs to further reduce uncertainty.
  • Similar in situ constraint methods might improve precision on other electroweak parameters measured at hadron colliders.
  • Deviation in a future global fit incorporating this result could point to specific new physics scenarios.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

0 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports a measurement of the W boson mass from the CMS experiment at the LHC, based on W → μν events in 2016 proton-proton collision data at 13 TeV. It employs a high-granularity maximum likelihood fit to muon kinematic properties, incorporating accurate experimental effects and in situ constraints on theoretical inputs, to obtain m_W = 80360.2 ± 9.9 MeV, consistent with the Standard Model prediction from global electroweak fits.

Significance. If the quoted precision and lack of unaccounted biases are validated, the result would constitute a major contribution to electroweak precision tests. It would provide an independent LHC measurement at a level approaching the 6 MeV uncertainty of global fits, directly addressing the tension with the CDF result and testing for potential new physics in quantum loops.

minor comments (1)
  1. The abstract references prior global fits [1-3] and the CDF measurement [4] but does not specify the exact theoretical inputs constrained in situ or the form of the likelihood function used in the fit.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

0 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their summary of the manuscript and for recognizing its potential significance in electroweak precision tests. No major comments were provided in the report.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; result extracted from data fit

full rationale

The paper reports a direct experimental measurement of the W boson mass via a high-granularity maximum likelihood fit to muon kinematics in W → μν events collected at 13 TeV. The extracted value (80360.2 ± 9.9 MeV) is determined from collision data with in-situ constraints on experimental and theoretical inputs. The SM prediction enters only as a post-hoc comparison and does not define or constrain the fit result by construction. No self-definitional steps, fitted inputs renamed as predictions, or load-bearing self-citation chains are present in the derivation chain. The measurement is self-contained against external data benchmarks.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests on standard assumptions of the Standard Model framework for electroweak interactions and on the validity of the experimental modeling and fit procedure; no new entities are postulated.

axioms (1)
  • domain assumption The Standard Model uniquely relates the W and Z boson masses in the absence of new physics contributions.
    The measurement is presented as a test of this relation via comparison to the global fit prediction.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5775 in / 1222 out tokens · 39373 ms · 2026-05-23T07:18:42.555861+00:00 · methodology

0 comments
read the original abstract

In the standard model of particle physics, the masses of the W and Z bosons, the carriers of the weak interaction, are uniquely related. A precise determination of their masses is important because quantum loops of heavy, undiscovered particles could modify this relationship. Although the Z mass is known to the remarkable precision of 22 parts per million (2.0 MeV), the W mass is known much less precisely. A global fit to measured electroweak observables predicts the W mass with 6 MeV uncertainty [1$-$3]. Reaching a comparable experimental precision would be a sensitive and fundamental test of the standard model, made even more urgent by a recent challenge to the global fit prediction by a measurement from the CDF Collaboration at the Fermilab Tevatron collider [4]. Here we report the measurement of the W mass by the CMS Collaboration at the CERN LHC, based on a large data sample of W $\to$ $\mu\nu$ events collected in 2016 at the proton-proton collision energy of 13 TeV. The measurement exploits a high-granularity maximum likelihood fit to the kinematic properties of muons produced in W decays. By combining an accurate determination of experimental effects with marked in situ constraints of theoretical inputs, we reach a precise measurement of the W mass, of 80 360.2 $\pm$ 9.9 MeV, in agreement with the standard model prediction.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2412.13872 by CMS Collaboration.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: The Z boson mass measurement. Measured and simulated Z [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Validation of the theory model. Unfolded measured [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: The W boson mass measurement. Measured and predicted [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p012_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Comparison with other experiments and the EW fit prediction. The [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p013_4.png] view at source ↗

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Forward citations

Cited by 8 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Proton Structure from Neural Simulation-Based Inference at the LHC

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 8.0

    Neural simulation-based inference on unbinned top-quark pair data at 13 TeV yields improved gluon PDF precision over traditional binned analyses while incorporating experimental and theoretical uncertainties.

  2. Measurement of the $W \to \mu \nu_\mu$ cross-sections as a function of the muon transverse momentum in $pp$ collisions at 5.02 TeV

    hep-ex 2025-09 conditional novelty 7.0

    Differential W to muon neutrino cross-section measurement at 5.02 TeV with proof-of-principle W mass extraction from corrected distributions.

  3. A linear PDF model for Bayesian inference

    hep-ph 2025-07 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Presents a linear PDF parametrization from dimensionality-reduced neural network bases for efficient Bayesian inference, tested via multi-closure tests on synthetic deep inelastic scattering data.

  4. Towards a Unified Framework for Pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone Dark Matter and Electroweak Baryogenesis

    hep-ph 2025-09 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    The cS2HDM unifies a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone dark matter candidate with electroweak baryogenesis in a two-Higgs-doublet plus complex singlet setup, featuring naturally suppressed DM-nucleon scattering and CP-violating ...

  5. Measurement of the $W$-boson angular coefficients and transverse momentum in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

    hep-ex 2025-09 accept novelty 5.0

    ATLAS reports the first measurement of the complete angular coefficients and pT-differential cross sections for W+ and W- bosons in full lepton phase space at 13 TeV, finding agreement with QCD predictions up to order α_S².

  6. Precision physics at the muon collider: $m_W$ and CKM matrix elements

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    A 10 TeV lepton collider using the effective gamma-W to W process could improve m_W precision beyond 10 MeV and extract CKM elements like V_cb with reduced hadronic uncertainties via high-precision hadronic calorimetr...

  7. DeepMET: Improving missing transverse momentum estimation with a deep neural network

    hep-ex 2025-09 conditional novelty 4.0

    DeepMET is a neural-network-based missing transverse momentum estimator that improves resolution by 10-30% over existing CMS methods across a range of final states.

  8. Fundamental Physics in 2025: Status, Decisive Targets, and Path Forward

    gr-qc 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 2.0

    The review summarizes the baseline SM+GR+Lambda-CDM framework, lists major anomalies and missing pieces, surveys theoretical and experimental approaches, and outlines a staged roadmap organized by decision points.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

99 extracted references · 99 canonical work pages · cited by 8 Pith papers · 40 internal anchors

  1. [1]

    Experimental observation of isolated large transverse energy electrons with associated missing energy at √s = 540 GeV

    UA1 Collaboration, “Experimental observation of isolated large transverse energy electrons with associated missing energy at √s = 540 GeV”, Phys. Lett. B 122 (1983) 103, doi:10.1016/0370-2693(83)91177-2

    work page doi:10.1016/0370-2693(83)91177-2 1983

  2. [2]

    Observation of single isolated electrons of high transverse momentum in events with missing transverse energy at the pp collider

    UA2 Collaboration, “Observation of single isolated electrons of high transverse momentum in events with missing transverse energy at the pp collider”, Phys. Lett. B 122 (1983) 476, doi:10.1016/0370-2693(83)91605-2

    work page doi:10.1016/0370-2693(83)91605-2 1983

  3. [3]

    Implications of LHC search results on the W boson mass prediction in the MSSM

    S. Heinemeyer, W. Hollik, G. Weiglein, and L. Zeune, “Implications of LHC search results on the W boson mass prediction in the MSSM”, JHEP 12 (2013) 084, doi:10.1007/JHEP12(2013)084, arXiv:1311.1663

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep12(2013)084 2013

  4. [4]

    Delta r and the W-boson mass in the Singlet Extension of the Standard Model

    D. L ´opez-Val and T. Robens, “∆r and the W-boson mass in the singlet extension of the standard model”, Phys. Rev. D 90 (2014) 114018, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.90.114018, arXiv:1406.1043

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevd.90.114018 2014

  5. [5]

    Navaset al.(Particle Data Group), Review of particle physics, Phys

    Particle Data Group, S. Navas et al., “Review of particle physics”, Phys. Rev. D 110 (2024) 030001, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.110.030001

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevd.110.030001 2024

  6. [6]

    Precision Electroweak Measurements on the Z Resonance

    ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL, SLD, LEP Electroweak Working Group, SLD Electroweak Group, SLD Heavy Flavour Group Collaboration, “Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance”, Phys. Rept. 427 (2006) 257, doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2005.12.006, arXiv:hep-ex/0509008

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2005.12.006 2006

  7. [7]

    Measurement of the $W$ boson mass with the D0 detector

    D0 Collaboration, “Measurement of the W boson mass with the D0 detector”, Phys. Rev. D 89 (2014) 012005, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.89.012005, arXiv:1310.8628

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevd.89.012005 2014

  8. [8]

    Measurement of the $W$-boson mass in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

    ATLAS Collaboration, “Measurement of the W-boson mass in pp collisions at√s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector”, Eur. Phys. J. C 78 (2018) 110, doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5475-4 , arXiv:1701.07240. [Erratum: doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6354-3 ]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5475-4 2018

  9. [9]

    Measurement of the W boson mass

    LHCb Collaboration, “Measurement of the W boson mass”, JHEP 01 (2022) 036, doi:10.1007/JHEP01(2022)036, arXiv:2109.01113

    work page doi:10.1007/jhep01(2022)036 2022

  10. [10]

    Measurement of the W-boson mass and width with the ATLAS detector using proton-proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

    ATLAS Collaboration, “Measurement of the W-boson mass and width with the ATLAS detector using proton-proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV”, 2024.arXiv:2403.15085. Submitted to Eur. Phys. J. C

    work page arXiv 2024

  11. [11]

    High-precision measurement of the W boson mass with the CDF II detector

    CDF Collaboration, “High-precision measurement of the W boson mass with the CDF II detector”, Science 376 (2022) 170, doi:10.1126/science.abk1781. References 45

    work page doi:10.1126/science.abk1781 2022

  12. [12]

    Compatibility and combination of world W-boson mass measurements

    LHC-TeV MW Working Group, S. Amoroso et al., “Compatibility and combination of world W-boson mass measurements”, Eur. Phys. J. C 84 (2024) 451, doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12532-z , arXiv:2308.09417

    work page doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12532-z 2024

  13. [13]

    Schwingel

    CMS Collaboration, “The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC”, JINST 3 (2008) S08004, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08004

    work page doi:10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/s08004 2008

  14. [14]

    Performance of the CMS Level-1 trigger in proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV

    CMS Collaboration, “Performance of the CMS Level-1 trigger in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV”, JINST 15 (2020) P10017, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/15/10/P10017, arXiv:2006.10165

    work page doi:10.1088/1748-0221/15/10/p10017 2020

  15. [15]

    Performance of the CMS high-level trigger during LHC Run 2

    CMS Collaboration, “Performance of the CMS high-level trigger during LHC Run 2”, JINST 19 (2024) P11021, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/19/11/P11021, arXiv:2410.17038

    work page doi:10.1088/1748-0221/19/11/p11021 2024

  16. [16]

    The CMS trigger system

    CMS Collaboration, “The CMS trigger system”, JINST 12 (2017) P01020, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/12/01/P01020, arXiv:1609.02366

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1748-0221/12/01/p01020 2017

  17. [17]

    Electron and photon reconstruction and identification with the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC

    CMS Collaboration, “Electron and photon reconstruction and identification with the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC”, JINST 16 (2021) P05014, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/16/05/P05014, arXiv:2012.06888

    work page doi:10.1088/1748-0221/16/05/p05014 2021

  18. [18]

    Performance of the CMS muon detector and muon reconstruction with proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV

    CMS Collaboration, “Performance of the CMS muon detector and muon reconstruction with proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV”, JINST 13 (2018) P06015, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/13/06/P06015, arXiv:1804.04528

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1748-0221/13/06/p06015 2018

  19. [19]

    Description and performance of track and primary-vertex reconstruction with the CMS tracker

    CMS Collaboration, “Description and performance of track and primary-vertex reconstruction with the CMS tracker”, JINST 9 (2014) P10009, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/9/10/P10009, arXiv:1405.6569

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1748-0221/9/10/p10009 2014

  20. [20]

    Particle-flow reconstruction and global event description with the CMS detector

    CMS Collaboration, “Particle-flow reconstruction and global event description with the CMS detector”, JINST 12 (2017) P10003, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/12/10/P10003, arXiv:1706.04965

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1748-0221/12/10/p10003 2017

  21. [21]

    About the rapidity and helicity distributions of the W bosons produced at LHC

    E. Manca, O. Cerri, N. Foppiani, and G. Rolandi, “About the rapidity and helicity distributions of the W bosons produced at LHC”, JHEP 12 (2017) 130, doi:10.1007/JHEP12(2017)130, arXiv:1707.09344

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep12(2017)130 2017

  22. [22]

    Drell–YanqT resummation of fiducial power corrections at N3LL

    M. A. Ebert, J. K. L. Michel, I. W. Stewart, and F. J. Tackmann, “Drell–YanqT resummation of fiducial power corrections at N3LL”, JHEP 04 (2021) 102, doi:10.1007/JHEP04(2021)102, arXiv:2006.11382

    work page doi:10.1007/jhep04(2021)102 2021

  23. [23]

    Drell–Yan transverse-momentum spectra at N3LL′ and approximate N4LL with SCETlib

    G. Billis, J. K. L. Michel, and F. J. Tackmann, “Drell–Yan transverse-momentum spectra at N3LL′ and approximate N4LL with SCETlib”, 2024. arXiv:2411.16004

    work page arXiv 2024

  24. [24]

    Beyond scale variations: perturbative theory uncertainties from nuisance parameters

    F. J. Tackmann, “Beyond scale variations: perturbative theory uncertainties from nuisance parameters”, 2024. arXiv:2411.18606

    work page arXiv 2024

  25. [25]

    Measurements of the W boson rapidity, helicity, double-differential cross sections, and charge asymmetry in pp collisions at 13 TeV

    CMS Collaboration, “Measurements of the W boson rapidity, helicity, double-differential cross sections, and charge asymmetry in pp collisions at 13 TeV”, Phys. Rev. D 102 (2020) 092012, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.102.092012, arXiv:2008.04174

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevd.102.092012 2020

  26. [26]

    Angular decay distribution of leptons from W bosons at NLO in hadronic collisions

    E. Mirkes, “Angular decay distribution of leptons from W bosons at NLO in hadronic collisions”, Nucl. Phys. B 387 (1992) 3, doi:10.1016/0550-3213(92)90046-E. 46

    work page doi:10.1016/0550-3213(92)90046-e 1992

  27. [27]

    Energy dependent width effects in e+e− annihilation near the Z boson pole

    D. Y. Bardin, A. Leike, T. Riemann, and M. Sachwitz, “Energy dependent width effects in e+e− annihilation near the Z boson pole”, Phys. Lett. B 206 (1988) 539, doi:10.1016/0370-2693(88)91627-9

    work page doi:10.1016/0370-2693(88)91627-9 1988

  28. [28]

    Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science , year = 2005, month = dec, volume =

    J. R. Klein and A. Roodman, “Blind analysis in nuclear and particle physics”, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 55 (2005) 141, doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.55.090704.151521

    work page doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.55.090704.151521 2005

  29. [29]

    Precision luminosity measurement in proton-proton collisions at√s=13 TeV in 2015 and 2016 at CMS

    CMS Collaboration, “Precision luminosity measurement in proton-proton collisions at√s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016 at CMS”, Eur. Phys. J. C 81 (2021) 800, doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09538-2 , arXiv:2104.01927

    work page doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09538-2 2015

  30. [30]

    Strategies and performance of the CMS silicon tracker alignment during LHC Run 2

    CMS Collaboration, “Strategies and performance of the CMS silicon tracker alignment during LHC Run 2”, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 1037 (2022) 166795, doi:10.1016/j.nima.2022.166795, arXiv:2111.08757

    work page doi:10.1016/j.nima.2022.166795 2022

  31. [31]

    A new deep-neural-network-based missing transverse momentum estimator, and its application to W recoil

    Y. Feng, “A new deep-neural-network-based missing transverse momentum estimator, and its application to W recoil”. PhD thesis, University of Maryland, College Park, 2020. doi:10.13016/e6ze-zycc

    work page doi:10.13016/e6ze-zycc 2020

  32. [32]

    Performance of missing transverse momentum reconstruction in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV using the CMS detector

    CMS Collaboration, “Performance of missing transverse momentum reconstruction in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV using the CMS detector”, JINST 14 (2019) P07004, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/14/07/P07004, arXiv:1903.06078

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1748-0221/14/07/p07004 2019

  33. [33]

    JHEP05, 143 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2020)143 arXiv:1908.06987 [hep-ph]

    P . F. Monni et al., “MiNNLOPS: a new method to match NNLO QCD to parton showers”, JHEP 05 (2020) 143, doi:10.1007/JHEP05(2020)143, arXiv:1908.06987. [Erratum: doi:10.1007/JHEP02(2022)031]

    work page doi:10.1007/jhep05(2020)143 2020

  34. [34]

    MiNNLOPS: optimizing 2 → 1 hadronic processes

    P . F. Monni, E. Re, and M. Wiesemann, “MiNNLOPS: optimizing 2 → 1 hadronic processes”, Eur. Phys. J. C 80 (2020) 1075, doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08658-5 , arXiv:2006.04133

    work page doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08658-5 2020

  35. [35]

    An Introduction to PYTHIA 8.2

    T. Sj ¨ostrand et al., “An introduction to PYTHIA 8.2”, Comput. Phys. Commun. 191 (2015) 159, doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2015.01.024, arXiv:1410.3012

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2015.01.024 2015

  36. [36]

    PHOTOS Monte Carlo: a precision tool for QED corrections in Z and W decays

    P . Golonka and Z. Wa ¸s, “PHOTOS Monte Carlo: a precision tool for QED corrections in Z and W decays”, Eur. Phys. J. C 45 (2006) 97, doi:10.1140/epjc/s2005-02396-4, arXiv:hep-ph/0506026

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1140/epjc/s2005-02396-4 2006

  37. [37]

    PHOTOS Interface in C++; Technical and Physics Documentation

    N. Davidson, T. Przedzinski, and Z. Wa ¸s, “PHOTOS interface in C++: Technical and physics documentation”, Comput. Phys. Commun. 199 (2016) 86, doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2015.09.013, arXiv:1011.0937

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2015.09.013 2016

  38. [38]

    A toolbox for qT and 0-jettiness subtractions at N3LO

    G. Billis, M. A. Ebert, J. K. L. Michel, and F. J. Tackmann, “A toolbox for qT and 0-jettiness subtractions at N3LO”, Eur. Phys. J. Plus 136 (2021) 214, doi:10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-01155-y , arXiv:1909.00811

    work page doi:10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-01155-y 2021

  39. [39]

    New CTEQ global analysis of quantum chromodynamics with high-precision data from the LHC

    T.-J. Hou et al., “New CTEQ global analysis of quantum chromodynamics with high-precision data from the LHC”, Phys. Rev. D 103 (2021) 014013, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.103.014013, arXiv:1912.10053

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevd.103.014013 2021

  40. [40]

    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A506(3), 250–303 (2003) https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01368-8

    GEANT4 Collaboration, “G EANT 4—a simulation toolkit”, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 506 (2003) 250, doi:10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01368-8. References 47

    work page doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(03)01368-8 2003

  41. [41]

    Improved extrapolation methods of data-driven background estimations in high energy physics

    S. Choi and H. Oh, “Improved extrapolation methods of data-driven background estimations in high energy physics”, Eur. Phys. J. C 81 (2021) 643, doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09404-1 , arXiv:1906.10831

    work page doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09404-1 2021

  42. [42]

    The transverse momentum spectrum of weak gauge bosons at N3LL+NNLO

    W. Bizon et al., “The transverse momentum spectrum of weak gauge bosons at N3LL+NNLO”, Eur. Phys. J. C 79 (2019) 868, doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7324-0 , arXiv:1905.05171

    work page doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7324-0 2019

  43. [43]

    DYTurbo: Fast predictions for Drell–Yan processes

    S. Camarda et al., “DYTurbo: Fast predictions for Drell–Yan processes”, Eur. Phys. J. C 80 (2020) 251, doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-7757-5 , arXiv:1910.07049. [Erratum: doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-7972-0 ]

    work page doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-7757-5 2020

  44. [44]

    Precision phenomenology with MCFM

    J. Campbell and T. Neumann, “Precision phenomenology with MCFM”, JHEP 12 (2019) 034, doi:10.1007/JHEP12(2019)034, arXiv:1909.09117

    work page doi:10.1007/jhep12(2019)034 2019

  45. [45]

    PDF4LHC recommendations for LHC Run II

    J. Butterworth et al., “PDF4LHC recommendations for LHC Run II”, J. Phys. G 43 (2016) 023001, doi:10.1088/0954-3899/43/2/023001, arXiv:1510.03865

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/0954-3899/43/2/023001 2016

  46. [46]

    Incorporating Nuisance Parameters in Likelihoods for Multisource Spectra

    J. S. Conway, “Incorporating nuisance parameters in likelihoods for multisource spectra”, in PHYSTAT 2011: Workshop on statistical issues related to discovery claims in search experiments and unfolding, H. B. Prosper and L. Lyons, eds., CERN Yellow Reports: Conf. Proc., p. 115. CERN, Geneva, 2011. arXiv:1103.0354. doi:10.5170/CERN-2011-006.115

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.5170/cern-2011-006.115 2011

  47. [47]

    Fitting using finite Monte Carlo samples

    R. J. Barlow and C. Beeston, “Fitting using finite Monte Carlo samples”, Comput. Phys. Commun. 77 (1993) 219, doi:10.1016/0010-4655(93)90005-W

    work page doi:10.1016/0010-4655(93)90005-w 1993

  48. [48]

    Undercoverage in high-statistics counting experiments with finite MC samples

    C.-A. Alexe, J. L. Bendavid, L. Bianchini, and D. Bruschini, “Undercoverage in high-statistics counting experiments with finite MC samples”, 2024. arXiv:2401.10542

    work page arXiv 2024

  49. [49]

    Bootstrap methods: another look at the jackknife

    B. Efron, “Bootstrap methods: another look at the jackknife”, in Breakthroughs in statistics: methodology and distribution, S. Kotz and N. L. Johnson, eds., p. 569. Springer New York, New York, NY, 1992. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4380-9_41

    work page doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4380-9_41 1992

  50. [50]

    Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics , year = 2020, month = aug, volume =

    Particle Data Group, P . A. Zyla et al., “Review of particle physics”, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2020 (2020) 083C01, doi:10.1093/ptep/ptaa104

    work page doi:10.1093/ptep/ptaa104 2020

  51. [51]

    TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems

    M. Abadi et al., “TensorFlow: Large-scale machine learning on heterogeneous distributed systems”, 2016. arXiv:1603.04467. Software available from tensorflow.org

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2016

  52. [52]

    Automatic differentiation in machine learning: a survey

    A. G. Baydin, B. A. Pearlmutter, A. A. Radul, and J. M. Siskind, “Automatic differentiation in machine learning: a survey”, Journal of Machine Learning Research 18 (2018) 1, arXiv:1502.05767

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2018

  53. [53]

    Giunti and C

    J. K. Lindsey, “Parametric Statistical Inference”. Oxford University Press, 1996. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198523598.001.0001, ISBN 9780198523598

    work page doi:10.1093/oso/9780198523598.001.0001 1996

  54. [54]

    Electroweak Measurements in Electron-Positron Collisions at W-Boson-Pair Energies at LEP

    ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL, LEP Electroweak Working Group, S. Schael et al., “Electroweak measurements in electron-positron collisions at W-boson-pair energies at LEP”, Phys. Rept. 532 (2013) 119, doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2013.07.004, arXiv:1302.3415. 48

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2013.07.004 2013

  55. [55]

    Measurement of the W Boson Mass with the D0 Detector

    D0 Collaboration, “Measurement of the W boson mass with the D0 detector”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 (2012) 151804, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.151804, arXiv:1203.0293

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevlett.108.151804 2012

  56. [56]

    Measurement of the top quark mass using a profile likelihood approach with the lepton+jets final states in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV

    CMS Collaboration, “Measurement of the top quark mass using a profile likelihood approach with the lepton+jets final states in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV”, Eur. Phys. J. C 83 (2023) 963, doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12050-4 , arXiv:2302.01967

    work page doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12050-4 2023

  57. [57]

    Measurement of the Drell–Yan forward-backward asymmetry and of the effective leptonic weak mixing angle in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV

    CMS Collaboration, “Measurement of the Drell–Yan forward-backward asymmetry and of the effective leptonic weak mixing angle in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV”,

    work page

  58. [58]

    Submitted to Physics Letters B

    arXiv:2408.07622. Submitted to Physics Letters B

    work page arXiv

  59. [59]

    A New Method for Combining NLO QCD with Shower Monte Carlo Algorithms

    P . Nason, “A new method for combining NLO QCD with shower Monte Carlo algorithms”, JHEP 11 (2004) 040, doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2004/11/040, arXiv:hep-ph/0409146

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2004/11/040 2004

  60. [60]

    Matching NLO QCD computations with Parton Shower simulations: the POWHEG method

    S. Frixione, P . Nason, and C. Oleari, “Matching NLO QCD computations with parton shower simulations: the POWHEG method”, JHEP 11 (2007) 070, doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2007/11/070, arXiv:0709.2092

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2007/11/070 2007

  61. [61]

    A general framework for implementing NLO calculations in shower Monte Carlo programs: the POWHEG BOX

    S. Alioli, P . Nason, C. Oleari, and E. Re, “A general framework for implementing NLO calculations in shower Monte Carlo programs: the POWHEG BOX”, JHEP 06 (2010) 043, doi:10.1007/JHEP06(2010)043, arXiv:1002.2581

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep06(2010)043 2010

  62. [62]

    Extraction and validation of a new set of CMSPYTHIA8 tunes from underlying-event measurements

    CMS Collaboration, “Extraction and validation of a new set of CMS PYTHIA 8 tunes from underlying-event measurements”, Eur. Phys. J. C 80 (2020) 4, doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7499-4 , arXiv:1903.12179

    work page doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7499-4 2020

  63. [63]

    Measurements of differential Z boson production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV

    CMS Collaboration, “Measurements of differential Z boson production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV”, JHEP 12 (2019) 061, doi:10.1007/JHEP12(2019)061, arXiv:1909.04133

    work page doi:10.1007/jhep12(2019)061 2019

  64. [64]

    Parton distributions from high-precision collider data

    NNPDF Collaboration, “Parton distributions from high-precision collider data”, Eur. Phys. J. C 77 (2017) 663, doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5199-5 , arXiv:1706.00428

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5199-5 2017

  65. [65]

    The path to proton structure at 1% accuracy

    NNPDF Collaboration, “The path to proton structure at 1% accuracy”, Eur. Phys. J. C 82 (2022) 428, doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10328-7 , arXiv:2109.02653

    work page doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10328-7 2022

  66. [66]

    Parton distributions from LHC, HERA, Tevatron and fixed target data: MSHT20 PDFs

    S. Bailey et al., “Parton distributions from LHC, HERA, Tevatron and fixed target data: MSHT20 PDFs”, Eur. Phys. J. C 81 (2021) 341, doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09057-0 , arXiv:2012.04684

    work page doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09057-0 2021

  67. [67]

    Ball et al

    PDF4LHC Working Group Collaboration, “The PDF4LHC21 combination of global PDF fits for the LHC Run III”, J. Phys. G 49 (2022) 080501, doi:10.1088/1361-6471/ac7216, arXiv:2203.05506

    work page doi:10.1088/1361-6471/ac7216 2022

  68. [68]

    Combining QED and approximate N3LO QCD corrections in a global PDF fit: MSHT20qed an3lo PDFs

    T. Cridge, L. A. Harland-Lang, and R. S. Thorne, “Combining QED and approximate N3LO QCD corrections in a global PDF fit: MSHT20qed an3lo PDFs”, SciPost Phys. 17 (2024) 026, doi:10.21468/SciPostPhys.17.1.026, arXiv:2312.07665

    work page doi:10.21468/scipostphys.17.1.026 2024

  69. [69]

    Illuminating the photon content of the proton within a global PDF analysis

    NNPDF Collaboration, “Illuminating the photon content of the proton within a global PDF analysis”, SciPost Phys. 5 (2018) 008, doi:10.21468/SciPostPhys.5.1.008, arXiv:1712.07053. References 49

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.21468/scipostphys.5.1.008 2018

  70. [70]

    The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations

    J. Alwall et al., “The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations”, JHEP 07 (2014) 079, doi:10.1007/JHEP07(2014)079, arXiv:1405.0301

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep07(2014)079 2014

  71. [71]

    Technical proposal for the Phase-II upgrade of the Compact Muon Solenoid

    CMS Collaboration, “Technical proposal for the Phase-II upgrade of the Compact Muon Solenoid”, CMS Technical Proposal CERN-LHCC-2015-010, CMS-TDR-15-02, 2015

    work page 2015

  72. [72]

    Measurements of Inclusive W and Z Cross Sections in pp Collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV

    CMS Collaboration, “Measurements of inclusive W and Z cross sections in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV”, JHEP 01 (2011) 080, doi:10.1007/JHEP01(2011)080, arXiv:1012.2466

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/jhep01(2011)080 2011

  73. [73]

    Performance of the CMS muon trigger system in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV

    CMS Collaboration, “Performance of the CMS muon trigger system in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV”, JINST 16 (2021) P07001, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/16/07/P07001, arXiv:2102.04790

    work page doi:10.1088/1748-0221/16/07/p07001 2021

  74. [74]

    Fast alignment of a complex tracking detector using advanced track models

    V . Blobel, C. Kleinwort, and F. Meier, “Fast alignment of a complex tracking detector using advanced track models”, Comput. Phys. Commun. 182 (2011) 1760, doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2011.03.017, arXiv:1103.3909

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2011.03.017 2011

  75. [75]

    A new fast track-fit algorithm based on broken lines

    V . Blobel, “A new fast track-fit algorithm based on broken lines”, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 566 (2006) 14, doi:10.1016/j.nima.2006.05.156

    work page doi:10.1016/j.nima.2006.05.156 2006

  76. [76]

    Precision measurement of the structure of the CMS inner tracking system using nuclear interactions

    CMS Collaboration, “Precision measurement of the structure of the CMS inner tracking system using nuclear interactions”, JINST 13 (2018) P10034, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/13/10/P10034, arXiv:1807.03289

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1748-0221/13/10/p10034 2018

  77. [77]

    Geant4 developments and appli- cations

    J. Allison et al., “G EANT 4 developments and applications”, IEEE T rans. Nucl. Sci. 53 (2006) 270, doi:10.1109/TNS.2006.869826

    work page doi:10.1109/tns.2006.869826 2006

  78. [78]

    Recent developments in Geant4

    J. Allison et al., “Recent developments in G EANT 4”, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 835 (2016) 186, doi:10.1016/j.nima.2016.06.125

    work page doi:10.1016/j.nima.2016.06.125 2016

  79. [79]

    The CMS magnetic field measuring and monitoring systems

    V . Klyukhin et al., “The CMS magnetic field measuring and monitoring systems”, Symmetry 14 (2022) 169, doi:10.3390/sym14010169, arXiv:2202.02562

    work page doi:10.3390/sym14010169 2022

  80. [80]

    Alignment of the CMS tracker with LHC and cosmic ray data

    CMS Collaboration, “Alignment of the CMS tracker with LHC and cosmic ray data”, JINST 9 (2014) P06009, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/9/06/P06009, arXiv:1403.2286

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1748-0221/9/06/p06009 2014

Showing first 80 references.