Belle II Technical Design Report
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The Belle detector at the KEKB electron-positron collider has collected almost 1 billion Y(4S) events in its decade of operation. Super-KEKB, an upgrade of KEKB is under construction, to increase the luminosity by two orders of magnitude during a three-year shutdown, with an ultimate goal of 8E35 /cm^2 /s luminosity. To exploit the increased luminosity, an upgrade of the Belle detector has been proposed. A new international collaboration Belle-II, is being formed. The Technical Design Report presents physics motivation, basic methods of the accelerator upgrade, as well as key improvements of the detector.
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Forward citations
Cited by 30 Pith papers
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Measurement of mixing-induced CP violation in the decay $B^0 \to \pi^0 \pi^0$
First measurement of mixing-induced CP violation parameter S in B0 to pi0 pi0 decays yields 0.61 with large uncertainties via a novel quantum-entanglement method at Belle II.
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Quantum Information of Photon Pairs at Lepton Colliders
A factorization framework and two-qubit description allow photon pairs at lepton colliders to be treated as qubits for measuring Bell inequality violation, quantum discord, and nonstabilizerness using Belle data.
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First evidence of $X(3872)\to\pi^0\chi_{c0}(1P)$ and search for $X(3915)\to\pi^0\chi_{c1}(1P)$
First evidence reported for X(3872)→π⁰χ_c0 decay at 3.4σ, with branching fraction ratio 2.3 relative to π⁺π⁻J/ψ, upper limits on other modes, and no signal for X(3915)→π⁰χ_c1.
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Observation of the decays $B^{+} \to \Sigma_{c}(2455)^{++} \bar{\Xi}_{c}^{\prime-}$ and $B^{0} \to \Sigma_{c}(2455)^{0} \bar{\Xi}_{c}^{\prime0}$
First observation of B+ → Σc(2455)++ Ξc'− and B0 → Σc(2455)0 Ξc'0 decays with branching fractions (1.68 ± 0.31 ± 0.12 +1.49−0.54)×10−3 and (1.28 ± 0.32 ± 0.10 +0.30−0.21)×10−3.
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$b\to s\ell^+\ell^- (\ell = e, \mu, \tau)$ and $b\to s\nu\bar\nu$ at Belle and Belle II
Belle and Belle II present results on b to s lepton-pair and b to s neutrino-pair decays, including reinterpretation of B+ to K+ nu nu-bar and the first inclusive B to X_s nu nu-bar measurement.
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The $B^+ \to K^+ \nu \bar \nu$ decay as a search for the QCD axion
Model-independent reinterpretation of Belle II B+ → K+ νν̄ data using public kinematic mapping yields a factor-of-nine improvement on the limit for B+ → K+ a and constrains the axion's b-s flavor-changing coupling.
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Searching for CPT Violation with Neutral-Meson Oscillations
A general technique incorporates CPT-violating operators of arbitrary mass dimension from effective field theory into neutral-meson oscillation formalism, enabling first measurements of dimension-five operators from e...
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Using Graph Neural Networks for hadronic clustering and to reduce beam background in the Belle~II electromagnetic calorimeter
Graph neural networks can identify and remove unwanted beam background depositions in the Belle II calorimeter to improve hadronic clustering and reduce fake photon clusters.
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Light new physics and the $\tau$ lepton dipole moments
This work provides a comprehensive analysis of light new physics contributions to tau lepton dipole moments, detailing interpretations of asymmetry measurements for spin-0 and spin-1 bosons, their decoupling to the EF...
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Search for the lepton-flavor-violating $\tau^{-} \rightarrow e^{\mp} \ell^{\pm} \ell^{\mp}$ decays at Belle II
Belle II sets upper limits between 1.3 and 2.5 times 10 to the minus 8 on branching fractions for four tau to e l l decay modes at 90 percent confidence level, the most stringent to date for four modes.
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B lifetime and $B^0-\bar B^0$ mixing results from early Belle II data
First Belle II results on B lifetimes and mixing from commissioning data of 0.5 fb^{-1}.
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Accelerating Discovery: Model-Agnostic Likelihoods for the Reinterpretation of Particle Physics Results and their Application to the Belle II $B^{+}\to K^{+}\nu\bar{\nu}$ Measurement
A reweighting method creates model-agnostic likelihoods from histogram analyses, applied to Belle II B+ to K+ nu nubar data for WET constraints and light new physics searches.
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Toward Precision Fragmentation of $\Omega_{3Q}$ Baryons: The OMG3Q1.1 Framework
The OMG3Q1.1 framework delivers the first uncertainty-quantified set of fragmentation functions for all-heavy Ω_{3Q} baryons via diquark-inspired inputs, HF-NRevo evolution, and replica-based error estimation.
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Considerations for an Integrated Detector Design at FCC-ee: A Human-AI Exploration
The report describes the iterative evolution of integrated detector concepts for FCC-ee through human-AI dialogue, with emphasis on calibration, stability, and operational simplicity over a long physics program.
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Wire-by-Wire Tracking Efficiency Plots: A New Diagnostic for the Belle~II Central Drift Chamber
A new diagnostic creates per-wire efficiency plots for the Belle II CDC by extrapolating helix reference tracks and measuring the fraction of expected crossings with associated hits.
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Development of a sub-100 ps Time-of-Flight detector with SiPM-readout scintillator for measurement of cosmic muon velocity
Multi-face 4S SiPM readout on scintillators achieves 68 ps TOF resolution and measures cosmic muon velocity.
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Measurements of electroweak penguins and $B$ decays to final states with missing energy at Belle and Belle II
Measurements of b to s lepton-pair, tau-pair, and neutrino-pair decays presented from Belle and Belle II datasets.
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Searching for apparent baryon number violation in $\Lambda_c^+$ decays at the Super Tau-Charm Facility
STCF with 1 ab^{-1} can probe several-TeV new-physics scales in sterile-neutrino EFT and constrain an RPV SUSY parameter to ~0.1 TeV^{-2} for apparent BNV in unexplored Lambda_c+ channels.
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dN/dx Reconstruction with Deep Learning for High-Granularity TPCs
GraphPT, a U-Net-style graph neural network with attention, improves K/π separation power by 10-20% over the truncated mean method for dN/dx-based PID in the 5-20 GeV/c range.
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Search for $e^+ e^- \to \gamma\chi_{bJ}$ ($J$ = 0, 1, 2) near $\sqrt{s} = 10.746$ GeV at Belle II
Belle II sets 90% CL upper limits on the Born cross sections for e+e−→γχbJ near √s=10.746 GeV, with those for χb1 being significantly smaller than for ωχb1 and π+π−Υ(2S).
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Development for the Belle II vertex detector upgrade with depleted monolithic active pixel sensors
Design and development overview of OBELIX MAPS-based vertex detector with two self-supported layers and three supported layers plus aluminum flex circuits for Belle II upgrade.
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The Muon and Tau Electric Dipole Moments in the B-L Supersymmetric Standard Model
In the B-LSSM the traditional mu-term dominates d_mu and d_tau while B-LSSM-specific CPV parameters also contribute, placing d_mu inside projected Phase-II sensitivity over substantial parameter space and allowing |d_...
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Measurement of time-dependent $CP$ violation parameters in $B^{0} \to K_{S}^{0} \pi^{0} \gamma$ decays at Belle and Belle II
Combined Belle and Belle II dataset yields S = 0.09 ± 0.16 ± 0.02 and C = -0.09 ± 0.08 ± 0.04 in the K*0 region and S = -0.32 ± 0.33 ± 0.09 and C = -0.07 ± 0.17 ± 0.08 outside it for B0 → Ks0 π0 γ, more precise than p...
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Improved measurement of Born cross sections for $\chi_{bJ}\,\omega$ and $\chi_{bJ}\,(\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0)_{\rm non-\omega}$ ($J$ = 0, 1, 2) at Belle and Belle II
Improved cross-section measurements reveal Υ(10753) decays to χ_bJ ω but not non-ω three-pion states, while Υ(10860) shows the reverse pattern, plus updated mass 10756.1 ± 3.4 ± 2.7 MeV and width 32.2 ± 11.3 ± 14.9 Me...
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Electroweak Physics with Polarized Electron Beams in a SuperKEKB Upgrade
Proposal to add polarized electron beams to SuperKEKB for left-right asymmetry measurements of electroweak parameters including sin²θ_W at the Υ(4S) resonance.
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Charged-lepton identification at Belle~II
Belle II describes its charged-lepton identification algorithms and reports performance on 428 fb^{-1} of Run 1 data from SuperKEKB.
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Upgrade of the Belle II Vertex Detector with Depleted Monolithic CMOS Active Pixel Sensors
Belle II proposes a DMAPS-based vertex detector upgrade with the OBELIX chip targeting 6e35 cm^-2 s^-1 luminosity, 120 MHz/cm2 hit rates, and radiation tolerance to 5e14 neq/cm2.
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First look at time-dependent CP violation using early Belle II data
Early Belle II data validates reconstruction of CP-violation channels and supplies sensitivity estimates for φ1/β and φ2/α with the full dataset.
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Semileptonic and leptonic B decay results from early Belle II data
Early Belle II commissioning data is used to re-measure standard B to X lepton neutrino and B to D* lepton neutrino decays and to evaluate machine learning tagging algorithms for future lepton flavor universality tests.
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Exotic quarkonium physics prospects at Belle II
Belle II at SuperKEKB offers prospects for exploring dozens of exotic XYZ quarkonium states with substantially increased luminosity and data volume.
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