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Halo: Estimation and Reduction of Hallucinations in Open-Source Weak Large Language Models

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arxiv 2308.11764 v4 pith:IHVSMAQ6 submitted 2023-08-22 cs.CL cs.AI

Halo: Estimation and Reduction of Hallucinations in Open-Source Weak Large Language Models

classification cs.CL cs.AI
keywords hallucinationsllmslanguageopen-sourceapplicationslargemodelsreduction
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized Natural Language Processing (NLP). Although convenient for research and practical applications, open-source LLMs with fewer parameters often suffer from severe hallucinations compared to their larger counterparts. This paper focuses on measuring and reducing hallucinations in BLOOM 7B, a representative of such weaker open-source LLMs that are publicly available for research and commercial applications. We introduce HaloCheck, a lightweight BlackBox knowledge-free framework designed to quantify the severity of hallucinations in LLMs. Additionally, we explore techniques like knowledge injection and teacher-student approaches to alleviate hallucinations in low-parameter LLMs. Our experiments effectively demonstrate the reduction of hallucinations in challenging domains for these LLMs.

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Cited by 8 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Semantic Entropy Probes: Robust and Cheap Hallucination Detection in LLMs

    cs.CL 2024-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    SEPs approximate semantic entropy from single-generation hidden states to enable cheap and robust hallucination detection in LLMs.

  2. Grounding Multi-Hop Reasoning in Structural Causal Models via Group Relative Policy Optimization

    cs.AI 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    SCM-GRPO grounds multi-hop fact verification in structural causal models and applies GRPO reinforcement learning to optimize reasoning chain length, outperforming baselines on HoVer and EX-FEVER.

  3. Hybrid Adversarial Defence for Natural Language Understanding Tasks

    cs.CL 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Hybrid entropy-uncertainty-geometric defence improves clean accuracy by up to 43% and adversarial robustness by up to 65% on NLU and security benchmarks.

  4. Grounding Multi-Hop Reasoning in Structural Causal Models via Group Relative Policy Optimization

    cs.AI 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    The SCM-GRPO framework models multi-hop fact verification as causal inference and applies reinforcement learning to optimize reasoning depth, reporting outperformance on HoVer and EX-FEVER.

  5. Grounding Multi-Hop Reasoning in Structural Causal Models via Group Relative Policy Optimization

    cs.AI 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    An SCM-GRPO framework grounds multi-hop reasoning in structural dependency graphs and optimizes chain length via rule-based RL, outperforming baselines on HoVer and EX-FEVER.

  6. Siren's Song in the AI Ocean: A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models

    cs.CL 2023-09 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    A literature survey that taxonomizes hallucination phenomena in LLMs, reviews evaluation benchmarks, and analyzes approaches for their detection, explanation, and mitigation.

  7. SLM Finetuning for Natural Language to Domain Specific Code Generation in Production

    cs.LG 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 3.0

    Fine-tuned small language models outperform larger models in natural language to domain-specific code generation with improved performance, latency, and the ability to adapt to customer-specific scenarios without losi...

  8. A Survey of Hallucination in Large Foundation Models

    cs.AI 2023-09 accept novelty 3.0

    A survey classifying hallucination phenomena specific to large foundation models, establishing evaluation criteria, examining mitigation strategies, and discussing future directions.