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Reducing number fluctuations in an ultracold atomic sample using Faraday rotation and iterative feedback

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arxiv 2102.01773 v2 pith:6TCHL2UU submitted 2021-02-02 cond-mat.quant-gas physics.ins-detquant-ph

Reducing number fluctuations in an ultracold atomic sample using Faraday rotation and iterative feedback

classification cond-mat.quant-gas physics.ins-detquant-ph
keywords fluctuationsnumbersampleatomicatomsbeamdemonstratefaraday
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We demonstrate a method to reduce number fluctuations in an ultracold atomic sample using real-time feedback. By measuring the Faraday rotation of an off-resonant probe laser beam with a pair of avalanche photodetectors in a polarimetric setup we produce a proxy for the number of atoms in the sample. We iteratively remove a fraction of the excess atoms from the sample to converge on a target proxy value in a way that is insensitive to environmental perturbations and robust to errors in light polarization. Using absorption imaging for out-of-loop verification, we demonstrate a reduction in the number fluctuations from $3\%$ to $0.45\%$ for samples at a temperature of 16.4 $\mu$K over the time-scale of several hours which is limited by temperature fluctuations, beam pointing noise, and photon shot noise.

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