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Revisiting Supernova 1987A Constraints on Dark Photons

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arxiv 1611.03864 v4 pith:GGSL2PJ6 submitted 2016-11-11 hep-ph astro-ph.COastro-ph.HE

Revisiting Supernova 1987A Constraints on Dark Photons

classification hep-ph astro-ph.COastro-ph.HE
keywords darkphotonsconstraintsdark-photonenergyepsilonsupernovaassuming
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We revisit constraints on dark photons with masses below ~ 100 MeV from the observations of Supernova 1987A. If dark photons are produced in sufficient quantity, they reduce the amount of energy emitted in the form of neutrinos, in conflict with observations. For the first time, we include the effects of finite temperature and density on the kinetic-mixing parameter, epsilon, in this environment. This causes the constraints on epsilon to weaken with the dark-photon mass below ~ 15 MeV. For large-enough values of epsilon, it is well known that dark photons can be reabsorbed within the supernova. Since the rates of reabsorption processes decrease as the dark-photon energy increases, we point out that dark photons with energies above the Wien peak can escape without scattering, contributing more to energy loss than is possible assuming a blackbody spectrum. Furthermore, we estimate the systematic uncertainties on the cooling bounds by deriving constraints assuming one analytic and four different simulated temperature and density profiles of the proto-neutron star. Finally, we estimate also the systematic uncertainty on the bound by varying the distance across which dark photons must propagate from their point of production to be able to affect the star. This work clarifies the bounds from SN1987A on the dark-photon parameter space.

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