Heterogeneous Cellular Networks with Spatio-Temporal Traffic: Delay Analysis and Scheduling

Emergence of new types of services has led to various traffic and diverse delay requirements in fifth generation (5G) wireless networks. Meeting diverse delay requirements is one of the most critical goals for the design of 5G wireless networks. Though the delay of point-to-point communications has been well investigated, the delay of multi-point to multi-point communications has not been thoroughly studied since it is a complicated function of all links in the network. In this work, we propose a novel tractable approach to analyze the delay in the heterogenous cellular networks with spatio-temporal random arrival of traffic. Specifically, we propose the notion of \emph{delay outage} and evaluated the effect of different scheduling policies on the delay performance. Our numerical analysis reveals that offloading policy based on cell range expansion greatly reduces the macrocell traffic while bringing a small amount of growth for the picocell traffic. Our results also show that the delay performance of round-robin scheduling outperforms first in first out scheduling for heavy traffic, and it is reversed for light traffic. In summary, this analytical framework provides an understanding and a rule-of-thumb for the practical deployment of 5G systems where delay requirement is increasingly becoming a key concern.