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Direct Optimal Mapping for 21cm Cosmology: A Demonstration with the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array

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arxiv 2204.06021 v2 pith:6475PHKQ submitted 2022-04-12 astro-ph.CO astro-ph.IM

Direct Optimal Mapping for 21cm Cosmology: A Demonstration with the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array

Zhilei Xu , Jacqueline N. Hewitt , Kai-Feng Chen , Honggeun Kim , Joshua S. Dillon , Nicholas S. Kern , Miguel F. Morales , Bryna J. Hazelton
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Ruby Byrne Nicolas Fagnoni Eloy de Lera Acedo Zara Abdurashidova Tyrone Adams James E. Aguirre Paul Alexander Zaki S. Ali Rushelle Baartman Yanga Balfour Adam P. Beardsley Gianni Bernardi Tashalee S. Billings Judd D. Bowman Richard F. Bradley Philip Bull Jacob Burba Steven Carey Chris L. Carilli Carina Cheng David R. DeBoer Matt Dexter Nico Eksteen John Ely Aaron Ewall-Wice Randall Fritz Steven R. Furlanetto Kingsley Gale-Sides Brian Glendenning Deepthi Gorthi Bradley Greig Jasper Grobbelaar Ziyaad Halday Jack Hickish Daniel C. Jacobs Austin Julius MacCalvin Kariseb Joshua Kerrigan Piyanat Kittiwisit Saul A. Kohn Matthew Kolopanis Adam Lanman Paul La Plante Adrian Liu Anita Loots Yin-zhe Ma David Harold Edward MacMahon Lourence Malan Cresshim Malgas Keith Malgas Bradley Marero Zachary E. Martinot Andrei Mesinger Mathakane Molewa Tshegofalang Mosiane Steven G. Murray Abraham R. Neben Bojan Nikolic Hans Nuwegeld Aaron R. Parsons Nipanjana Patra Samantha Pieterse Jonathan C. Pober Nima Razavi-Ghods James Robnett Kathryn Rosie Peter Sims Craig Smith Hilton Swarts Nithyanandan Thyagarajan Pieter Van Van Wyngaarden Peter K. G. Williams Haoxuan Zheng
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Motivated by the desire for wide-field images with well-defined statistical properties for 21cm cosmology, we implement an optimal mapping pipeline that computes a maximum likelihood estimator for the sky using the interferometric measurement equation. We demonstrate this direct optimal mapping with data from the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization (HERA) Phase I observations. After validating the pipeline with simulated data, we develop a maximum likelihood figure-of-merit for comparing four sky models at 166MHz with a bandwidth of 100kHz. The HERA data agree with the GLEAM catalogs to <10%. After subtracting the GLEAM point sources, the HERA data discriminate between the different continuum sky models, providing most support for the model of Byrne et al. 2021. We report the computation cost for mapping the HERA Phase I data and project the computation for the HERA 320-antenna data; both are feasible with a modern server. The algorithm is broadly applicable to other interferometers and is valid for wide-field and non-coplanar arrays.

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