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Imagination Helps Visual Reasoning, But Not Yet in Latent Space

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arxiv 2602.22766 v2 pith:53NWLEWV submitted 2026-02-26 cs.CL

Imagination Helps Visual Reasoning, But Not Yet in Latent Space

classification cs.CL
keywords latentreasoningtokensvisualcausalimaginationinputanalysis
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Latent visual reasoning aims to mimic human's imagination process by meditating through hidden states of Multimodal Large Language Models. While recognized as a promising paradigm for visual reasoning, the underlying mechanisms driving its effectiveness remain unclear. Motivated to demystify the true source of its efficacy, we investigate the validity of latent reasoning using Causal Mediation Analysis. We model the process as a causal chain: the input as the treatment, the latent tokens as the mediator, and the final answer as the outcome. Our findings uncover two critical disconnections: (a) Input-Latent Disconnect: dramatic perturbations on the input result in negligible changes to the latent tokens, suggesting that latent tokens do not effectively attend to the input sequence. (b) Latent-Answer Disconnect: perturbations on the latent tokens yield minimal impact on the final answer, indicating the limited causal effect latent tokens imposing on the outcome. Furthermore, extensive probing analysis reveals that latent tokens encode limited visual information and exhibit high similarity. Consequently, we challenge the necessity of latent reasoning and propose a straightforward alternative named CapImagine, which teaches the model to explicitly imagine using text. Experiments on vision-centric benchmarks show that CapImagine significantly outperforms complex latent-space baselines, highlighting the superior potential of visual reasoning through explicit imagination.

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Forward citations

Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

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    cs.CL 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    DLR creates discrete latent tokens from rendered CoT images via clustering, enabling up to 20x compression and interpretable trajectories that outperform continuous latent baselines on reasoning tasks.

  2. DeepLatent: Think with Images via Parallel Latent Visual Reasoning

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    DeepLatent introduces a parallel latent visual reasoning framework with learnable 2D tokens and continuous RL, trained via distillation then RL, plus a new 180K dataset, claiming SOTA benchmark results.

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    Latent visual reasoning improves multimodal models via training effects even without using latent tokens at inference, enabled by an attention-based RL reward that promotes interaction with text tokens.

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