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Counterfactual Fairness
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Counterfactual Fairness
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Machine learning can impact people with legal or ethical consequences when it is used to automate decisions in areas such as insurance, lending, hiring, and predictive policing. In many of these scenarios, previous decisions have been made that are unfairly biased against certain subpopulations, for example those of a particular race, gender, or sexual orientation. Since this past data may be biased, machine learning predictors must account for this to avoid perpetuating or creating discriminatory practices. In this paper, we develop a framework for modeling fairness using tools from causal inference. Our definition of counterfactual fairness captures the intuition that a decision is fair towards an individual if it is the same in (a) the actual world and (b) a counterfactual world where the individual belonged to a different demographic group. We demonstrate our framework on a real-world problem of fair prediction of success in law school.
Forward citations
Cited by 6 Pith papers
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Empirical audit of LAION-2B-en and LAION-2B-multi finds overrepresentation of young adults, White people, and males plus stereotypical emotion associations across two attribute classifiers.
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AgentFairBench: Do LLM Agents Discriminate When They Act?
AgentFairBench is a multi-domain benchmark for demographic disparity in LLM agent actions, with a pilot showing no significant effect for Claude Haiku 4.5 after arity-matched noise correction.
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Trustworthy AI Suffers from Invariance Conflicts and Causality is The Solution
Causality provides a unifying framework for resolving trade-offs in trustworthy AI by managing invariance conflicts under changes to the data-generating process.
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Online Learning with Multiple Fairness Regularizers via Graph-Structured Feedback
Develops a bandit algorithm with graph feedback that learns weights for multiple fairness constraints adaptively over sequential interactions.
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Trustworthy AI Suffers from Invariance Conflicts and Causality is The Solution
Causality resolves trade-offs in trustworthy AI by treating them as invariance conflicts under different data-generating process changes.
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