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Revisiting constraints on small scale perturbations from big-bang nucleosynthesis

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arxiv 1605.04646 v2 pith:VAQZ3RBP submitted 2016-05-16 astro-ph.CO hep-ph

Revisiting constraints on small scale perturbations from big-bang nucleosynthesis

classification astro-ph.CO hep-ph
keywords mathrmlesssimperturbationsfreeze-outscalesmallbig-bangconstraints
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We revisit the constraints on the small scale density perturbations ($10^4\,\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}\lesssim k \lesssim10^5\,\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$) from the modification of the freeze-out value of the neutron-proton ratio at big-bang nucleosynthesis era. Around the freeze-out temperature $T\sim 0.5\,\mathrm{MeV}$, the universe can be divided into several local patches which have different temperatures since any perturbation which enters the horizon after the neutrino decoupling has not diffused yet. Taking account of this situation, we calculate the freeze-out value in detail. We find that the small scale perturbations decrease the n-p ratio in contrast to previous works. With use of the latest observed $^4$He abundance, we obtain the constraint on the power spectrum of the curvature perturbations as $\Delta^2_\mathcal{R}\lesssim 0.018$ on $10^4\,\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}\lesssim k \lesssim 10^5\,\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$.

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