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Milagro Limits and HAWC Sensitivity for the Rate-Density of Evaporating Primordial Black Holes

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arxiv 1407.1686 v2 pith:VWYMH5YX submitted 2014-07-07 astro-ph.HE

Milagro Limits and HAWC Sensitivity for the Rate-Density of Evaporating Primordial Black Holes

A. A. Abdo , A. U. Abeysekara , R. Alfaro , B. T. Allen , C. Alvarez , J. D. \'Alvarez , R. Arceo , J. C. Arteaga-Vel\'azquez
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T. Aune H. A. Ayala Solares A. S. Barber B. M. Baughman N. Bautista-Elivar J. Becerra Gonzalez E. Belmont S. Y. BenZvi D. Berley M. Bonilla Rosales J. Braun R. A. Caballero-Lopez K. S. Caballero-Mora A. Carrami\~nana M. Castillo C. Chen G. E. Christopher U. Cotti J. Cotzomi E. de la Fuente C. De Le\'on T. DeYoung R. Diaz Hernandez L. Diaz-Cruz J. C. D\'iaz-V\'elez B. L. Dingus M. A. DuVernois R. W. Ellsworth D. W. Fiorino N. Fraija A. Galindo F. Garfias M. M. Gonz\'alez J. A. Goodman V. Grabski M. Gussert Z. Hampel-Arias J. P. Harding E. Hays C. M. Hoffman C. M. Hui P. H\"untemeyer A. Imran A. Iriarte P. Karn D. Kieda B. E. Kolterman G. J. Kunde A. Lara R. J. Lauer W. H. Lee D. Lennarz H. Le\'on Vargas E. C. Linares J. T. Linnemann M. Longo R. Luna-GarcIa J. H. MacGibbon A. Marinelli S. S. Marinelli H. Martinez O. Martinez J. Mart\'inez-Castro J. A. J. Matthews J. McEnery E. Mendoza Torres A. I. Mincer P. Miranda-Romagnoli E. Moreno T. Morgan M. Mostaf\'a L. Nellen P. Nemethy M. Newbold R. Noriega-Papaqui T. Oceguera-Becerra B. Patricelli R. Pelayo E. G. P\'erez-P\'erez J. Pretz C. Rivi\`ere D. Rosa-Gonz\'alez J. Ryan H. Salazar F. Salesa A. Sandoval P. M. Saz Parkinson M. Schneider A. Shoup S. Silich G. Sinnis A. J. Smith D. Stump K. Sparks Woodle R. W. Springer I. Taboada P. A. Toale K. Tollefson I. Torres T. N. Ukwatta V. Vasileiou L. Villase\~nor G. P. Walker T. Weisgarber S. Westerhoff D. A. Williams I. G. Wisher J. Wood G. B. Yodh P. W. Younk D. Zaborov A. Zepeda H. Zhou
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classification astro-ph.HE
keywords milagroblackhighobservatorysensitivityburstsdensityenergy
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Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) are gravitationally collapsed objects that may have been created by density fluctuations in the early universe and could have arbitrarily small masses down to the Planck scale. Hawking showed that due to quantum effects, a black hole has a temperature inversely proportional to its mass and will emit all species of fundamental particles thermally. PBHs with initial masses of ~5.0 x 10^14 g should be expiring in the present epoch with bursts of high-energy particles, including gamma radiation in the GeV - TeV energy range. The Milagro high energy observatory, which operated from 2000 to 2008, is sensitive to the high end of the PBH evaporation gamma-ray spectrum. Due to its large field-of-view, more than 90% duty cycle and sensitivity up to 100 TeV gamma rays, the Milagro observatory is well suited to perform a search for PBH bursts. Based on a search on the Milagro data, we report new PBH burst rate density upper limits over a range of PBH observation times. In addition, we report the sensitivity of the Milagro successor, the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory, to PBH evaporation events.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

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  1. Electromagnetic Signatures From Primordial Black Holes in the Solar System

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Calculations show AMEGO-X could detect PBH transits within 0.1 AU of Earth while HAWC and LHAASO could see explosions out to 0.1-0.5 pc, with future 1000 AU bursts potentially yielding measurable EM signals unlike the...

  2. Electromagnetic Signatures From Primordial Black Holes in the Solar System

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Calculations indicate AMEGO-X could detect PBH transits within 0.1 AU while HAWC and LHAASO could observe explosions out to 0.1-0.5 pc, with future events at ~1000 AU potentially producing measurable electromagnetic s...