The Exact Superconformal R-Symmetry Extremizes Z
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The three sphere partition function, Z, of three dimensional theories with four supercharges and an R-symmetry is computed using localization, resulting in a matrix integral over the Cartan of the gauge group. There is a family of couplings to the curved background, parameterized by a choice of R-charge, such that supersymmetry is preserved; Z is a function of those parameters. The magnitude of the result is shown to be extremized for the superconformal R-charge of the infrared conformal field theory, in the absence of mixing of the R-symmetry with accidental symmetries. This exactly determines the IR superconformal R-charge.
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