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Monthly quasi-periodic eruptions from repeated stellar disruption by a massive black hole

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arxiv 2309.02500 v1 pith:UJTVNLEA submitted 2023-09-05 astro-ph.HE

Monthly quasi-periodic eruptions from repeated stellar disruption by a massive black hole

classification astro-ph.HE
keywords blackholex-raynuclearquasi-periodictransientbeenclasses
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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In recent years, searches of archival X-ray data have revealed galaxies exhibiting nuclear quasi-periodic eruptions with periods of several hours. These are reminiscent of the tidal disruption of a star by a supermassive black hole, and the repeated, partial stripping of a white dwarf in an eccentric orbit around a ~10^5 solar mass black hole provides an attractive model. A separate class of periodic nuclear transients, with significantly longer timescales, have recently been discovered optically, and may arise from the partial stripping of a main-sequence star by a ~10^7 solar mass black hole. No clear connection between these classes has been made. We present the discovery of an X-ray nuclear transient which shows quasi-periodic outbursts with a period of weeks. We discuss possible origins for the emission, and propose that this system bridges the two existing classes outlined above. This discovery was made possible by the rapid identification, dissemination and follow up of an X-ray transient found by the new live \swift-XRT transient detector, demonstrating the importance of low-latency, sensitive searches for X-ray transients.

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