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Massive black hole assembly in nuclear star clusters

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arxiv 2212.06845 v2 pith:37LMB3GY submitted 2022-12-13 astro-ph.HE astro-ph.COgr-qc

Massive black hole assembly in nuclear star clusters

classification astro-ph.HE astro-ph.COgr-qc
keywords blackholenuclearclustersformationintermediate-massodotcluster
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Nuclear star clusters, which fragment into metal-poor stars in situ at the centers of protogalaxies, provide ideal environments for the formation of intermediate-mass black holes with masses $10^3-10^6M_\odot$. We utilize the semianalytic model implemented in Rapster, a public rapid cluster evolution code. We implement simple recipes for stellar collisions and gas accretion/expulsion into the code and identify the regimes where each channel contributes to the dynamical formation of intermediate-mass black holes via repeated mergers of stellar black hole seeds. We find that intermediate-mass black hole formation in gas-rich environments is almost inevitable if the initial mean density of the nuclear cluster is $>10^8M_\odot\,{\rm pc}^{-3}$. A million solar mass black hole can form within 100~Myr in the heaviest ($>10^7M_\odot$) and most compact ($<0.5~{\rm pc}$) nuclear clusters. We demonstrate that by today these resemble the observed range of nuclear clusters in dwarf galaxies and that there are potential gravitational-wave signatures of the massive black hole formation process.

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Forward citations

Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Predicting intermediate-mass black hole formation in star clusters with machine learning

    astro-ph.GA 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Machine learning regressors trained on Rapster simulations forecast that globular clusters rarely host black holes above 100 solar masses while a few nuclear star clusters may exceed this threshold.

  2. Second-Generation Mass Peak in the Gravitational-Wave Population as a Probe of Globular Clusters

    astro-ph.HE 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Dynamical formation in globular clusters produces a robust second black-hole mass peak at ~70 solar masses from second-generation mergers when the first-generation spectrum is truncated by pair-instability supernovae.

  3. GW231123: A Possible Primordial Black Hole Origin

    astro-ph.CO 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0

    GW231123's masses and high spins are consistent with primordial black holes that accreted mass and angular momentum in the early universe within the standard PBH framework.

  4. Gravitational-wave parameter estimation to the Moon and back: massive binaries and the case of GW231123

    gr-qc 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    LGWA could observe more than one third of known binary black hole events, detect ~90 mergers per year, and measure chirp mass better than third-generation detectors for massive systems.