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Inconsistency of Islands in Theories with Long-Range Gravity

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arxiv 2107.03390 v2 pith:B6IOYFLD submitted 2021-07-07 hep-th

Inconsistency of Islands in Theories with Long-Range Gravity

classification hep-th
keywords islandsentanglementasymptoticgravitationalgravitylong-rangetheorieswedge
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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In ordinary gravitational theories, any local bulk operator in an entanglement wedge is accompanied by a long-range gravitational dressing that extends to the asymptotic part of the wedge. Islands are the only known examples of entanglement wedges that are disconnected from the asymptotic region of spacetime. In this paper, we show that the lack of an asymptotic region in islands creates a potential puzzle that involves the gravitational Gauss law, independently of whether or not there is a non-gravitational bath. In a theory with long-range gravity, the energy of an excitation localized to the island can be detected from outside the island, in contradiction with the principle that operators in an entanglement wedge should commute with operators from its complement. In several known examples, we show that this tension is resolved because islands appear in conjunction with a massive graviton. We also derive some additional consistency conditions that must be obeyed by islands in decoupled systems. Our arguments suggest that islands might not constitute consistent entanglement wedges in standard theories of massless gravity where the Gauss law applies.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

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