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Cosmology Intertwined IV: The Age of the Universe and its Curvature

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arxiv 2008.11286 v4 pith:PRRHEBV4 submitted 2020-08-25 astro-ph.CO hep-ph

Cosmology Intertwined IV: The Age of the Universe and its Curvature

Eleonora Di Valentino , Luis A. Anchordoqui , Ozgur Akarsu , Yacine Ali-Haimoud , Luca Amendola , Nikki Arendse , Marika Asgari , Mario Ballardini
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Spyros Basilakos Elia Battistelli Micol Benetti Simon Birrer Fran\c{c}ois R. Bouchet Marco Bruni Erminia Calabrese David Camarena Salvatore Capozziello Angela Chen Jens Chluba Anton Chudaykin Eoin \'O Colg\'ain Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine Paolo de Bernardis Javier de Cruz P\'erez Jacques Delabrouille Celia Escamilla-Rivera Agn\`es Fert\'e Fabio Finelli Wendy Freedman Noemi Frusciante Elena Giusarma Adri\`a G\'omez-Valent Will Handley Ian Harrison Luke Hart Alan Heavens Hendrik Hildebrandt Daniel Holz Dragan Huterer Mikhail M. Ivanov Shahab Joudaki Marc Kamionkowski Tanvi Karwal Lloyd Knox Suresh Kumar Luca Lamagna Julien Lesgourgues Matteo Lucca Valerio Marra Silvia Masi Sabino Matarrese Arindam Mazumdar Alessandro Melchiorri Olga Mena Laura Mersini-Houghton Vivian Miranda Cristian Moreno-Pulido David F. Mota Jessica Muir Ankan Mukherjee Florian Niedermann Alessio Notari Rafael C. Nunes Francesco Pace Andronikos Paliathanasis Antonella Palmese Supriya Pan Daniela Paoletti Valeria Pettorino Francesco Piacentini Vivian Poulin Marco Raveri Adam G. Riess Vincenzo Salzano Emmanuel N. Saridakis Anjan A. Sen Arman Shafieloo Anowar J. Shajib Joseph Silk Alessandra Silvestri Martin S. Sloth Tristan L. Smith Joan Sol\`a Carsten van de Bruck Licia Verde Luca Visinelli Benjamin D. Wandelt Deng Wang Jian-Min Wang Anil K. Yadav Weiqiang Yang
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A precise measurement of the curvature of the Universe is of primeval importance for cosmology since it could not only confirm the paradigm of primordial inflation but also help in discriminating between different early Universe scenarios. The recent observations, while broadly consistent with a spatially flat standard $\Lambda$ Cold Dark Matter ($\Lambda$CDM) model, are showing tensions that still allow (and, in some cases, even suggest) a few percent deviations from a flat universe. In particular, the Planck Cosmic Microwave Background power spectra, assuming the nominal likelihood, prefer a closed universe at more than 99\% confidence level. While new physics could be in action, this anomaly may be the result of an unresolved systematic error or just a statistical fluctuation. However, since a positive curvature allows a larger age of the Universe, an accurate determination of the age of the oldest objects provides a smoking gun in confirming or falsifying the current flat $\Lambda$CDM model.

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