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Planck intermediate results. XXXIX. The Planck list of high-redshift source candidates

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arxiv 1508.04171 v2 pith:5AQL25WR submitted 2015-08-17 astro-ph.GA

Planck intermediate results. XXXIX. The Planck list of high-redshift source candidates

Planck Collaboration: P. A. R. Ade , N. Aghanim , M. Arnaud , J. Aumont , C. Baccigalupi , A. J. Banday , R. B. Barreiro , N. Bartolo
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E. Battaner K. Benabed A. Benoit-L\'evy J.-P. Bernard M. Bersanelli P. Bielewicz A. Bonaldi L. Bonavera J. R. Bond J. Borrill F. R. Bouchet F. Boulanger C. Burigana R. C. Butler E. Calabrese A. Catalano H. C. Chiang P. R. Christensen D. L. Clements L. P. L. Colombo F. Couchot A. Coulais B. P. Crill A. Curto F. Cuttaia L. Danese R. D. Davies R. J. Davis P. de Bernardis A. de Rosa G. de Zotti J. Delabrouille C. Dickinson J. M. Diego H. Dole O. Dor\'e M. Douspis A. Ducout X. Dupac F. Elsner T. A. En{\ss}lin H. K. Eriksen E. Falgarone F. Finelli I. Flores-Cacho M. Frailis A. A. Fraisse E. Franceschi S. Galeotta S. Galli K. Ganga M. Giard Y. Giraud-H\'eraud E. Gjerl{\o}w J. Gonz\'alez-Nuevo K. M. G\'orski A. Gregorio A. Gruppuso J. E. Gudmundsson F. K. Hansen D. L. Harrison G. Helou C. Hern\'andez-Monteagudo D. Herranz S. R. Hildebrandt E. Hivon M. Hobson A. Hornstrup W. Hovest K. M. Huffenberger G. Hurier A. H. Jaffe T. R. Jaffe E. Keih\"anen R. Keskitalo T. S. Kisner J. Knoche M. Kunz H. Kurki-Suonio G. Lagache J.-M. Lamarre A. Lasenby M. Lattanzi C. R. Lawrence R. Leonardi F. Levrier P. B. Lilje M. Linden-V{\o}rnle M. L\'opez-Caniego P. M. Lubin J. F. Mac\'ias-P\'erez B. Maffei G. Maggio D. Maino N. Mandolesi A. Mangilli M. Maris P. G. Martin E. Mart\'inez-Gonz\'alez S. Masi S. Matarrese A. Melchiorri A. Mennella M. Migliaccio S. Mitra M.-A. Miville-Desch\^enes A. Moneti L. Montier G. Morgante D. Mortlock D. Munshi J. A. Murphy F. Nati P. Natoli N. P. H. Nesvadba F. Noviello D. Novikov I. Novikov C. A. Oxborrow L. Pagano F. Pajot D. Paoletti B. Partridge F. Pasian T. J. Pearson O. Perdereau L. Perotto V. Pettorino F. Piacentini M. Piat S. Plaszczynski E. Pointecouteau G. Polenta G. W. Pratt S. Prunet J.-L. Puget J. P. Rachen M. Reinecke M. Remazeilles C. Renault A. Renzi I. Ristorcelli G. Rocha C. Rosset M. Rossetti G. Roudier J. A. Rubi\~no-Mart\'in B. Rusholme M. Sandri D. Santos M. Savelainen G. Savini D. Scott L. D. Spencer V. Stolyarov R. Stompor R. Sudiwala R. Sunyaev A.-S. Suur-Uski J.-F. Sygnet J. A. Tauber L. Terenzi L. Toffolatti M. Tomasi M. Tristram M. Tucci M. T\"urler G. Umana L. Valenziano J. Valiviita B. Van Tent P. Vielva F. Villa L. A. Wade B. D. Wandelt I. K. Wehus N. Welikala D. Yvon A. Zacchei A. Zonca
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keywords plancksourcescandidatesbeenhigh-zstar-formingsubmmbrightest
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The Planck mission, thanks to its large frequency range and all-sky coverage, has a unique potential for systematically detecting the brightest, and rarest, submillimetre sources on the sky, including distant objects in the high-redshift Universe traced by their dust emission. A novel method, based on a component-separation procedure using a combination of Planck and IRAS data, has been applied to select the most luminous cold submm sources with spectral energy distributions peaking between 353 and 857GHz at 5' resolution. A total of 2151 Planck high-z source candidates (the PHZ) have been detected in the cleanest 26% of the sky, with flux density at 545GHz above 500mJy. Embedded in the cosmic infrared background close to the confusion limit, these high-z candidates exhibit colder colours than their surroundings, consistent with redshifts z>2, assuming a dust temperature of 35K and a spectral index of 1.5. First follow-up observations obtained from optical to submm have confirmed that this list consists of two distinct populations. A small fraction (around 3%) of the sources have been identified as strongly gravitationally lensed star-forming galaxies, which are amongst the brightest submm lensed objects (with flux density at 545GHz ranging from 350mJy up to 1Jy) at redshift 2 to 4. However, the vast majority of the PHZ sources appear as overdensities of dusty star-forming galaxies, having colours consistent with z>2, and may be considered as proto-cluster candidates. The PHZ provides an original sample, complementary to the Planck Sunyaev-Zeldovich Catalogue; by extending the population of the virialized massive galaxy clusters to a population of sources at z>1.5, the PHZ may contain the progenitors of today's clusters. Hence the PHZ opens a new window on the study of the early ages of structure formation, and the understanding of the intensively star-forming phase at high-z.

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