Pith. sign in

REVIEW 7 cited by

Hydrogen reionisation ends by z=5.3: Lyman-α optical depth measured by the XQR-30 sample

Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.

This paper has not been read by Pith yet. Machine review is queued; the pith claim, tier, and objections will appear here once it completes.

SPECIMEN: schema-true, not a live event

T0 review · schema-true

One-sentence machine reading of the paper's core claim.

pith:XXXXXXXX · record.json · timestamp

arxiv 2108.03699 v2 pith:HKHBSAFK submitted 2021-08-08 astro-ph.CO

Hydrogen reionisation ends by z=5.3: Lyman-α optical depth measured by the XQR-30 sample

classification astro-ph.CO
keywords alphareionisationtransmissionhydrogensamplesigmaxqr-30evidence
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
0 comments
read the original abstract

The presence of excess scatter in the Ly-$\alpha$ forest at $z\sim 5.5$, together with the existence of sporadic extended opaque Gunn-Peterson troughs, has started to provide robust evidence for a late end of hydrogen reionisation. However, low data quality and systematic uncertainties complicate the use of Ly-$\alpha$ transmission as a precision probe of reionisation's end stages. In this paper, we assemble a sample of 67 quasar sightlines at $z>5.5$ with high signal-to-noise ratios of $>10$ per $\leq 15$ km s$^{-1}$ spectral pixel, relying largely on the new XQR-30 quasar sample. XQR-30 is a large program on VLT/X-Shooter which obtained deep (SNR $>20$ per pixel) spectra of 30 quasars at $z>5.7$. We carefully account for systematics in continuum reconstruction, instrumentation, and contamination by damped Ly-$\alpha$ systems. We present improved measurements of the mean Ly-$\alpha$ transmission over $4.9<z<6.1$. Using all known systematics in a forward modelling analysis, we find excellent agreement between the observed Ly-$\alpha$ transmission distributions and the homogeneous-UVB simulations Sherwood and Nyx up to $z\leq5.2$ ($<1 \sigma$), and mild tension ($\sim 2.5 \sigma$) at $z=5.3$. Homogeneous UVB models are ruled out by excess Ly-$\alpha$ transmission scatter at $z\geq5.4$ with high confidence ($>3.5 \sigma$). Our results indicate that reionisation-related fluctuations, whether in the UVB, residual neutral hydrogen fraction, and/or IGM temperature, persist in the intergalactic medium until at least $z=5.3$ ($t=1.1$ Gyr after the Big Bang). This is further evidence for a late end to reionisation.

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Forward citations

Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. A self-consistent analytical model for both the photoionization rate and reionization history

    astro-ph.CO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    A new analytical formalism self-consistently predicts both the ionized fraction x_i(z) and photoionization rate Gamma_HI(z), achieving percent-level accuracy in x_i and 20-30% accuracy in Gamma_HI versus radiative tra...

  2. Nearest Neighbour-Based Statistics for 21cm-Galaxy Cross-Correlations in the Epoch of Reionization

    astro-ph.CO 2026-02 conditional novelty 7.0

    kNN CDF statistics detect 21cm-galaxy cross-correlations more effectively than two-point methods and distinguish reionization models at fixed ionized fraction even with noise and foregrounds.

  3. Into the Gompverse: A robust Gompertzian reionization model for CMB analyses

    astro-ph.CO 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    A Gompertzian reionization model with three nuisance parameters demotes optical depth to a derived quantity, reducing its uncertainty by a factor of three and revealing potential neutrino mass tension in CMB analyses.

  4. Studying dark gaps in Ly-$\alpha$ forest transmission with large reionization simulations

    astro-ph.CO 2026-01 conditional novelty 6.0

    Large reionization simulations show that the distribution of dark gaps in the Ly-α forest favors models with reionization completing at z≈5.4 over earlier or constant short mean-free-path scenarios.

  5. A hidden reionization prior biases cosmological inference

    astro-ph.CO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    No monotonic reionization history fits Planck τ, patchy kSZ from SPT/ACT, and Lyα endpoint; an early ionization phase at z≳12 relaxes ∑mν<0.39 eV and shifts σ8 via As-τ degeneracy.

  6. Mitigating gain calibration errors from EoR observations with SKA1-Low AA*

    astro-ph.CO 2025-10 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Simulations show hybrid foreground mitigation (GPR + PCA combined with avoidance) recovers the HI 21cm signal within 2σ for gain calibration errors ≤1% in SKA1-Low AA* observations over 0.05-0.5 Mpc^{-1} scales.

  7. Machine Learning Techniques for Astrophysics and Cosmology: Lyman-$\alpha$ forest

    astro-ph.CO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 2.0

    Review of machine learning applications for analyzing Lyman-alpha forest observations to probe cosmology, reionization, and dark matter.