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arxiv: 2606.29056 · v2 · pith:PUE7AXAMnew · submitted 2026-06-27 · 💰 econ.GN · q-fin.EC

Green Transformational Leadership and Sustainable Nursing Practices: Evidence from the Healthcare Sector

Thabit Atobishi , Saeed Nosratabadi This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-07-03 22:55 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 💰 econ.GN q-fin.EC
keywords green transformational leadershipsustainable clinical behaviorsethical climategreen psychological climateorganizational hypocrisyhealthcare sustainabilitynursing practices
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The pith

Green transformational leadership and ethical climate boost sustainable clinical behaviors in nurses, but perceived hypocrisy weakens the effect.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

This paper tests how leadership and organizational climate shape nurses' sustainable practices in hospitals. Data from 760 nurses in Jordan show that green transformational leadership and ethical climate both increase sustainable clinical behaviors. Green psychological climate partially explains these links. When nurses perceive organizational hypocrisy, the positive effects shrink. The model accounts for 35.7 percent of the variance, suggesting that consistent leadership and ethical environments matter for cutting healthcare's environmental footprint.

Core claim

Green transformational leadership and ethical climate positively predict sustainable clinical behaviors among registered nurses. Green psychological climate partially mediates both relationships. Perceived organizational hypocrisy significantly weakens the positive effects of green transformational leadership and ethical climate on sustainable behaviors. The model explains 35.7% of the variance in sustainable clinical behaviors.

What carries the argument

Structural equation model with green transformational leadership and ethical climate as predictors, green psychological climate as partial mediator, perceived organizational hypocrisy as moderator, and sustainable clinical behaviors as outcome.

If this is right

  • Healthcare leaders can increase sustainable nursing practices by adopting green transformational styles.
  • Creating an ethical climate supports nurses' adoption of environmentally friendly clinical behaviors.
  • Organizations must align stated sustainability values with actual practices to prevent hypocrisy from reducing leadership effects.
  • Green psychological climate serves as a key internal mechanism linking leadership to behavior change.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The same leadership and climate factors may influence sustainable behaviors in other emission-intensive sectors such as manufacturing or transportation.
  • Training programs that develop green transformational leadership skills could be evaluated for measurable reductions in hospital resource use.
  • Future work could examine whether individual nurse behaviors in turn shape perceptions of leadership and climate over time.

Load-bearing premise

The cross-sectional self-report survey design supports the claim that leadership and climate shape behaviors rather than the reverse or unmeasured third factors.

What would settle it

A longitudinal or experimental study in which changes in green transformational leadership fail to produce corresponding changes in sustainable clinical behaviors would falsify the directional claims.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.29056 by Saeed Nosratabadi, Thabit Atobishi.

Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Moderating effect of Competitive Pressure on the relationship between Organizational Readiness and AI-Enabled Exploration. Blue dots represent the High Pressure group; red dots represent the Low Pressure group. 4.5. Robustness and Sensitivity Analyses To further establish the methodological rigor of the findings, we conducted five ad￾ditional analyses. First, we replicated the structural model using covari… view at source ↗
Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Hypothesized conceptual model. (+) indicates a positive hypothesized relationship; (−) indicates a negative moderating effect. H3 and H4 represent mediation through Green Psychologi￾cal Climate. H5 and H6 represent the moderating role of Perceived Organizational Hypocrisy. 3. Methodology 3.1. Participants and Procedure The study targeted registered nurses employed across 11 hospitals in Jordan, includ￾ing … view at source ↗
read the original abstract

The healthcare sector contributes approximately 4.4% of global greenhouse gas emissions, yet research on the organizational determinants of sustainable behaviors among healthcare workers remains limited. This study examines how green transformational leadership and ethical climate influence sustainable clinical behaviors among registered nurses, with green psychological climate as a mediator and perceived organizational hypocrisy as a moderator. Data were collected from 760 nurses across 11 public and private hospitals in Jordan using a cross-sectional survey design. Structural equation modeling with bootstrapping was employed to test the hypothesized relationships. The results revealed that both green transformational leadership and ethical climate positively predicted sustainable clinical behaviors. Green psychological climate partially mediated both relationships. Perceived organizational hypocrisy significantly weakened the positive effects of green transformational leadership and ethical climate on sustainable behaviors. The model explained 35.7% of the variance in sustainable clinical behaviors. These findings highlight that fostering sustainability in healthcare requires not only supportive leadership and ethical organizational environments but also authenticity and consistency between stated values and actual practices. The study extends green transformational leadership theory to healthcare settings, integrates ethical climate research with environmental sustainability, and introduces perceived organizational hypocrisy as a critical boundary condition. Practical implications for healthcare administrators seeking to reduce their environmental footprint are discussed.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

1 major / 2 minor

Summary. This manuscript reports results from a cross-sectional survey of 760 registered nurses across 11 Jordanian hospitals. Using structural equation modeling with bootstrapping, it claims that green transformational leadership and ethical climate positively predict sustainable clinical behaviors, that green psychological climate partially mediates both relationships, and that perceived organizational hypocrisy moderates by weakening those positive effects. The model accounts for 35.7% of variance in sustainable clinical behaviors.

Significance. If the reported associations hold after addressing design limitations, the study would extend green transformational leadership research into healthcare, integrate ethical climate with sustainability outcomes, and introduce perceived organizational hypocrisy as a boundary condition. It offers initial evidence on organizational levers for reducing the healthcare sector's environmental impact, with practical implications for hospital leadership.

major comments (1)
  1. [Abstract and Methods] Abstract and Methods section: The abstract claims that green transformational leadership and ethical climate 'positively predicted' and 'influence' sustainable clinical behaviors, with partial mediation by green psychological climate and moderation by perceived organizational hypocrisy. The methods describe a single-wave cross-sectional self-report survey analyzed via SEM; no longitudinal data, instruments, or controls for reverse causation or omitted variables are reported. This design cannot support the directional and causal-style inferences that are load-bearing for the central claims.
minor comments (2)
  1. [Results] Results section: Provide explicit reporting of measurement model validation (e.g., CFA fit indices, AVE, CR) and common-method bias diagnostics, as these are standard for survey-based SEM claims.
  2. [Discussion] Discussion: The generalizability discussion should address the Jordan-specific sample and public/private hospital mix more explicitly.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for highlighting the limitations of our cross-sectional design in supporting causal claims. We address this concern directly below and are committed to revising the manuscript accordingly.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract and Methods] Abstract and Methods section: The abstract claims that green transformational leadership and ethical climate 'positively predicted' and 'influence' sustainable clinical behaviors, with partial mediation by green psychological climate and moderation by perceived organizational hypocrisy. The methods describe a single-wave cross-sectional self-report survey analyzed via SEM; no longitudinal data, instruments, or controls for reverse causation or omitted variables are reported. This design cannot support the directional and causal-style inferences that are load-bearing for the central claims.

    Authors: We agree that the single-wave cross-sectional design cannot establish causality or rule out reverse causation and omitted variables. Although our SEM analysis follows theoretical directional hypotheses, the language of 'predicted' and 'influence' risks overstating the evidence. We will revise the abstract, results, and discussion sections to replace causal-style phrasing with correlational terms (e.g., 'were positively associated with'). We will also expand the limitations section to explicitly discuss the inability to infer causation, the potential for common-method bias, and the value of future longitudinal or experimental designs. No changes to the statistical results themselves are required. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity in empirical survey study

full rationale

This paper reports results from a cross-sectional survey of 760 nurses analyzed via structural equation modeling. All claims (positive predictions, partial mediation, moderation, and 35.7% variance explained) are statistical outputs from fitted models on observed data; no equations, derivations, or theoretical steps reduce by construction to their own inputs. No self-citations are invoked as load-bearing uniqueness theorems or ansatzes. The study is therefore self-contained as an empirical test of associations without circular reductions of the kind enumerated in the analysis criteria.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 2 axioms · 0 invented entities

Empirical paper; relies on standard survey and SEM assumptions rather than new theoretical axioms. No free parameters or invented entities introduced beyond the measured constructs.

axioms (2)
  • domain assumption Survey items validly and reliably measure the latent constructs (green transformational leadership, ethical climate, green psychological climate, perceived organizational hypocrisy, sustainable clinical behaviors).
    Central to all reported path coefficients and mediation tests.
  • standard math Bootstrapping in SEM provides valid inference for indirect effects under the observed data distribution.
    Method used to test mediation.

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