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Banach spaces containing c₀ and elements in the fourth dual

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arxiv 2110.14313 v1 pith:Q6EG52CE submitted 2021-10-27 math.FA

Banach spaces containing c₀ and elements in the fourth dual

classification math.FA
keywords almostbanachexistssquaretherespaceabrahamsenhand
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A recent result of T.~Abrahamsen, P.~H\'ajek and S.~Troyanski states that a separable Banach space is almost square if and only if there exists $h\in S_{X^{****}}$ such that $\|x+h\|=\max\{\|x\|,1\}$ for all $x\in X$. The proof passes through a sequential version of being almost square which we call being \textit{sequentially almost square}. In this article we study these conditions in the nonseparable setting. On one hand, we show that a Banach space $X$ contains a copy of $c_0$ if and only if there exists an equivalent renorming $| \cdot |$ on $X$ for which there exists $h\in S_{X^{****}}$ such that $|x+h|=\max\{|x|,1\}$ for every $x\in X$. On the other hand, although it is unclear whether the aforementioned result of T.~Abrahamsen et al. holds in the nonseparable setting, we show that, under the existence of selective ultrafilters, if $X$ is a sequentially almost square Banach space then there exists $h\in S_{X^{****}}$ such that $\|x+h\|=\max\{\|x\|,1\}$ for all $x\in X$.

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