A review of extreme gamma-ray transients defined as catastrophic events or extreme particle acceleration regimes, covering diagnostics, instruments, and source classes.
Discovery of Powerful Gamma-Ray Flares from the Crab Nebula
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abstract
The well known Crab Nebula is at the center of the SN1054 supernova remnant. It consists of a rotationally-powered pulsar interacting with a surrounding nebula through a relativistic particle wind. The emissions originating from the pulsar and nebula have been considered to be essentially stable. Here we report the detection of strong gamma-ray (100 MeV-10 GeV) flares observed by the AGILE satellite in September, 2010 and October, 2007. In both cases, the unpulsed flux increased by a factor of 3 compared to the non-flaring flux. The flare luminosity and short timescale favor an origin near the pulsar, and we discuss Chandra Observatory X-ray and HST optical follow-up observations of the nebula. Our observations challenge standard models of nebular emission and require power-law acceleration by shock-driven plasma wave turbulence within a ~1-day timescale.
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The paper supplies an introductory lecture-style summary of observational techniques, astronomical sources, and physical processes across the four main messengers in multi-messenger astronomy.
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Extreme Transients in Gamma Rays
A review of extreme gamma-ray transients defined as catastrophic events or extreme particle acceleration regimes, covering diagnostics, instruments, and source classes.
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Introduction to multi-messenger astronomy
The paper supplies an introductory lecture-style summary of observational techniques, astronomical sources, and physical processes across the four main messengers in multi-messenger astronomy.